Thyroid Adenocarcinoma: Correlation between gene mutation status and selected clinical features
(primary solid tumor cohort)
Maintained by TCGA GDAC Team (Broad Institute/MD Anderson Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School)
Overview
Introduction

This pipeline computes the correlation between significantly recurrent gene mutations and selected clinical features.

Summary

Testing the association between mutation status of 27 genes and 14 clinical features across 241 patients, 8 significant findings detected with Q value < 0.25.

  • BRAF mutation correlated to 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE',  'EXTRATHYROIDAL.EXTENSION', and 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'.

  • HRAS mutation correlated to 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'.

  • NRAS mutation correlated to 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'.

  • CCDC15 mutation correlated to 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'.

  • ATAD2 mutation correlated to 'NUMBER.OF.LYMPH.NODES' and 'TUMOR.SIZE'.

Results
Overview of the results

Table 1.  Get Full Table Overview of the association between mutation status of 27 genes and 14 clinical features. Shown in the table are P values (Q values). Thresholded by Q value < 0.25, 8 significant findings detected.

Clinical
Features
AGE GENDER HISTOLOGICAL
TYPE
RADIATIONS
RADIATION
REGIMENINDICATION
RADIATIONEXPOSURE DISTANT
METASTASIS
EXTRATHYROIDAL
EXTENSION
LYMPH
NODE
METASTASIS
COMPLETENESS
OF
RESECTION
NUMBER
OF
LYMPH
NODES
TUMOR
STAGECODE
NEOPLASM
DISEASESTAGE
MULTIFOCALITY TUMOR
SIZE
nMutated (%) nWild-Type t-test Fisher's exact test Fisher's exact test Fisher's exact test Fisher's exact test Fisher's exact test Fisher's exact test Chi-square test Fisher's exact test t-test t-test Chi-square test Fisher's exact test t-test
BRAF 135 (56%) 106 0.547
(1.00)
0.375
(1.00)
1.91e-20
(6.32e-18)
0.014
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.43
(1.00)
3.27e-07
(0.000107)
0.00057
(0.186)
0.513
(1.00)
0.0873
(1.00)
0.0492
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.0585
(1.00)
ATAD2 3 (1%) 238 0.6
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.539
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
9.63e-13
(3.18e-10)
0.669
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
3.16e-25
(1.05e-22)
HRAS 10 (4%) 231 0.712
(1.00)
0.72
(1.00)
0.000208
(0.0682)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.133
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.23
(1.00)
0.115
(1.00)
0.808
(1.00)
0.0312
(1.00)
0.342
(1.00)
0.412
(1.00)
NRAS 21 (9%) 220 0.623
(1.00)
0.436
(1.00)
5.23e-08
(1.72e-05)
0.607
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.28
(1.00)
0.0208
(1.00)
0.00306
(0.987)
1
(1.00)
0.0122
(1.00)
0.0402
(1.00)
0.366
(1.00)
0.974
(1.00)
CCDC15 5 (2%) 236 0.147
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.394
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.215
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.000611
(0.198)
1
(1.00)
0.196
(1.00)
0.641
(1.00)
0.19
(1.00)
0.384
(1.00)
EMG1 5 (2%) 236 0.954
(1.00)
0.332
(1.00)
0.353
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.44
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.865
(1.00)
0.159
(1.00)
0.0759
(1.00)
0.32
(1.00)
0.668
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
RPTN 7 (3%) 234 0.94
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.345
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.502
(1.00)
0.701
(1.00)
0.0198
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.139
(1.00)
0.581
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
EIF1AX 3 (1%) 238 0.429
(1.00)
0.163
(1.00)
0.0756
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.0645
(1.00)
0.196
(1.00)
0.724
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.3
(1.00)
ZNF845 5 (2%) 236 0.869
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.394
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.178
(1.00)
0.673
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.541
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.965
(1.00)
0.246
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.882
(1.00)
TG 12 (5%) 229 0.952
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.0205
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.775
(1.00)
0.919
(1.00)
0.823
(1.00)
0.622
(1.00)
0.969
(1.00)
0.774
(1.00)
0.873
(1.00)
PRB2 3 (1%) 238 0.277
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.601
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.576
(1.00)
0.644
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.724
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.396
(1.00)
R3HDM2 4 (2%) 237 0.991
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.364
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.66
(1.00)
0.597
(1.00)
0.613
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.924
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.468
(1.00)
PPTC7 3 (1%) 238 0.74
(1.00)
0.163
(1.00)
0.601
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.00108
(0.349)
0.93
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.844
(1.00)
LYPD3 3 (1%) 238 0.271
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.0998
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
0.576
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
0.196
(1.00)
0.623
(1.00)
0.93
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
0.00362
(1.00)
TMEM90B 3 (1%) 238 0.413
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
0.216
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
0.175
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.623
(1.00)
0.468
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
ZNF799 4 (2%) 237 0.559
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.597
(1.00)
0.0332
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.73
(1.00)
0.344
(1.00)
PPM1D 5 (2%) 236 0.53
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.869
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.384
(1.00)
0.223
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.0772
(1.00)
0.0443
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.736
(1.00)
KRAS 3 (1%) 238 0.873
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
0.149
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
0.93
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
SLC5A11 3 (1%) 238 0.273
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
0.601
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.727
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.93
(1.00)
0.602
(1.00)
PRG4 3 (1%) 238 0.666
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.216
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.106
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.403
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.825
(1.00)
0.93
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
0.0214
(1.00)
SLC26A11 3 (1%) 238 0.406
(1.00)
0.163
(1.00)
0.291
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.106
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.433
(1.00)
0.669
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.211
(1.00)
ANKRD30A 3 (1%) 238 0.298
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
0.677
(1.00)
0.987
(1.00)
0.425
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
FAM155A 3 (1%) 238 0.165
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.216
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.294
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.863
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.785
(1.00)
0.93
(1.00)
0.249
(1.00)
ZFHX3 5 (2%) 236 0.97
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.315
(1.00)
0.227
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.147
(1.00)
0.238
(1.00)
0.555
(1.00)
0.402
(1.00)
0.341
(1.00)
0.0621
(1.00)
0.576
(1.00)
ARMCX3 3 (1%) 238 0.534
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.539
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.669
(1.00)
0.602
(1.00)
0.0389
(1.00)
COL5A3 5 (2%) 236 0.413
(1.00)
0.332
(1.00)
0.753
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.44
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.883
(1.00)
0.555
(1.00)
0.282
(1.00)
0.641
(1.00)
0.374
(1.00)
0.274
(1.00)
CDC27 3 (1%) 238 0.787
(1.00)
0.571
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.136
(1.00)
0.589
(1.00)
0.576
(1.00)
0.539
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
0.779
(1.00)
1
(1.00)
'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

P value = 1.91e-20 (Fisher's exact test), Q value = 6.3e-18

Table S1.  Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

nPatients OTHER THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - CLASSICAL/USUAL THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - FOLLICULAR (>= 99% FOLLICULAR PATTERNED) THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - TALL CELL (>= 50% TALL CELL FEATURES)
ALL 19 128 71 23
BRAF MUTATED 4 98 12 21
BRAF WILD-TYPE 15 30 59 2

Figure S1.  Get High-res Image Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus 'EXTRATHYROIDAL.EXTENSION'

P value = 3.27e-07 (Fisher's exact test), Q value = 0.00011

Table S2.  Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #7: 'EXTRATHYROIDAL.EXTENSION'

nPatients MINIMAL (T3) MODERATE/ADVANCED (T4A) NONE
ALL 54 3 173
BRAF MUTATED 46 3 82
BRAF WILD-TYPE 8 0 91

Figure S2.  Get High-res Image Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #7: 'EXTRATHYROIDAL.EXTENSION'

'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

P value = 0.00057 (Chi-square test), Q value = 0.19

Table S3.  Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #8: 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

nPatients N0 N1 N1A N1B NX
ALL 119 11 51 31 29
BRAF MUTATED 55 8 41 18 13
BRAF WILD-TYPE 64 3 10 13 16

Figure S3.  Get High-res Image Gene #1: 'BRAF MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #8: 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

'HRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

P value = 0.000208 (Fisher's exact test), Q value = 0.068

Table S4.  Gene #3: 'HRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

nPatients OTHER THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - CLASSICAL/USUAL THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - FOLLICULAR (>= 99% FOLLICULAR PATTERNED) THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - TALL CELL (>= 50% TALL CELL FEATURES)
ALL 19 128 71 23
HRAS MUTATED 2 0 8 0
HRAS WILD-TYPE 17 128 63 23

Figure S4.  Get High-res Image Gene #3: 'HRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

'NRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

P value = 5.23e-08 (Fisher's exact test), Q value = 1.7e-05

Table S5.  Gene #4: 'NRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

nPatients OTHER THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - CLASSICAL/USUAL THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - FOLLICULAR (>= 99% FOLLICULAR PATTERNED) THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA - TALL CELL (>= 50% TALL CELL FEATURES)
ALL 19 128 71 23
NRAS MUTATED 2 1 18 0
NRAS WILD-TYPE 17 127 53 23

Figure S5.  Get High-res Image Gene #4: 'NRAS MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #3: 'HISTOLOGICAL.TYPE'

'CCDC15 MUTATION STATUS' versus 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

P value = 0.000611 (Chi-square test), Q value = 0.2

Table S6.  Gene #7: 'CCDC15 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #8: 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

nPatients N0 N1 N1A N1B NX
ALL 119 11 51 31 29
CCDC15 MUTATED 1 2 0 2 0
CCDC15 WILD-TYPE 118 9 51 29 29

Figure S6.  Get High-res Image Gene #7: 'CCDC15 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #8: 'LYMPH.NODE.METASTASIS'

'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus 'NUMBER.OF.LYMPH.NODES'

P value = 9.63e-13 (t-test), Q value = 3.2e-10

Table S7.  Gene #17: 'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #10: 'NUMBER.OF.LYMPH.NODES'

nPatients Mean (Std.Dev)
ALL 191 2.6 (4.7)
ATAD2 MUTATED 3 0.0 (0.0)
ATAD2 WILD-TYPE 188 2.7 (4.8)

Figure S7.  Get High-res Image Gene #17: 'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #10: 'NUMBER.OF.LYMPH.NODES'

'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus 'TUMOR.SIZE'

P value = 3.16e-25 (t-test), Q value = 1.1e-22

Table S8.  Gene #17: 'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #14: 'TUMOR.SIZE'

nPatients Mean (Std.Dev)
ALL 192 2.8 (1.5)
ATAD2 MUTATED 3 1.3 (0.1)
ATAD2 WILD-TYPE 189 2.8 (1.5)

Figure S8.  Get High-res Image Gene #17: 'ATAD2 MUTATION STATUS' versus Clinical Feature #14: 'TUMOR.SIZE'

Methods & Data
Input
  • Mutation data file = THCA-TP.mutsig.cluster.txt

  • Clinical data file = THCA-TP.clin.merged.picked.txt

  • Number of patients = 241

  • Number of significantly mutated genes = 27

  • Number of selected clinical features = 14

  • Exclude genes that fewer than K tumors have mutations, K = 3

Student's t-test analysis

For continuous numerical clinical features, two-tailed Student's t test with unequal variance (Lehmann and Romano 2005) was applied to compare the clinical values between tumors with and without gene mutations using 't.test' function in R

Fisher's exact test

For binary or multi-class clinical features (nominal or ordinal), two-tailed Fisher's exact tests (Fisher 1922) were used to estimate the P values using the 'fisher.test' function in R

Chi-square test

For multi-class clinical features (nominal or ordinal), Chi-square tests (Greenwood and Nikulin 1996) were used to estimate the P values using the 'chisq.test' function in R

Q value calculation

For multiple hypothesis correction, Q value is the False Discovery Rate (FDR) analogue of the P value (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995), defined as the minimum FDR at which the test may be called significant. We used the 'Benjamini and Hochberg' method of 'p.adjust' function in R to convert P values into Q values.

Download Results

This is an experimental feature. The full results of the analysis summarized in this report can be downloaded from the TCGA Data Coordination Center.

References
[1] Lehmann and Romano, Testing Statistical Hypotheses (3E ed.), New York: Springer. ISBN 0387988645 (2005)
[2] Fisher, R.A., On the interpretation of chi-square from contingency tables, and the calculation of P, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 85(1):87-94 (1922)
[3] Greenwood and Nikulin, A guide to chi-squared testing, Wiley, New York. ISBN 047155779X (1996)
[4] Benjamini and Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 59:289-300 (1995)