Mutation Analysis (MutSig v2.0 and MutSigCV v0.9 merged result)
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (Primary solid tumor)
23 May 2013  |  analyses__2013_05_23
Maintainer Information
Citation Information
doi:10.7908/C1DJ5CMT
Maintained by Dan DiCara (Broad Institute)
Cite as Broad Institute TCGA Genome Data Analysis Center (2013): Mutation Analysis (MutSig v2.0 and MutSigCV v0.9 merged result). Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. doi:10.7908/C1DJ5CMT
Overview
Introduction

This report serves to describe the mutational landscape and properties of a given individual set, as well as rank genes and genesets according to mutational significance. MutSig v2.0 and MutSigCV v0.9 merged result was used to generate the results found in this report.

  • Working with individual set: BLCA-TP

  • Number of patients in set: 28

Input

The input for this pipeline is a set of individuals with the following files associated for each:

  1. An annotated .maf file describing the mutations called for the respective individual, and their properties.

  2. A .wig file that contains information about the coverage of the sample.

Summary

  • MAF used for this analysis:BLCA-TP.final_analysis_set.maf

  • Significantly mutated genes (q ≤ 0.1): 1

  • Mutations seen in COSMIC: 37

  • Significantly mutated genes in COSMIC territory: 3

  • Significantly mutated genesets: 21

Mutation Preprocessing

  • Read 28 MAFs of type "Broad"

  • Total number of mutations in input MAFs: 7557

  • After removing 3 mutations outside chr1-24: 7554

  • After removing 88 blacklisted mutations: 7466

  • After removing 140 noncoding mutations: 7326

Mutation Filtering

  • Number of mutations before filtering: 7326

  • After removing 93 mutations outside gene set: 7233

  • After removing 11 mutations outside category set: 7222

Results
Breakdown of Mutations by Type

Table 1.  Get Full Table Table representing breakdown of mutations by type.

type count
Frame_Shift_Del 94
Frame_Shift_Ins 39
In_Frame_Del 23
In_Frame_Ins 4
Missense_Mutation 4686
Nonsense_Mutation 418
Nonstop_Mutation 9
Silent 1826
Splice_Site 115
Translation_Start_Site 8
Total 7222
Breakdown of Mutation Rates by Category Type

Table 2.  Get Full Table A breakdown of mutation rates per category discovered for this individual set.

category n N rate rate_per_mb relative_rate exp_ns_s_ratio
Tp*C->(T/G) 2636 108904258 0.000024 24 3.7 3
Tp*C->A 202 108904258 1.9e-06 1.9 0.28 4
(A/C/G)p*C->mut 1235 308289400 4e-06 4 0.61 3.2
A->mut 621 402887181 1.5e-06 1.5 0.23 3.9
indel+null 691 820080839 8.4e-07 0.84 0.13 NaN
double_null 11 820080839 1.3e-08 0.013 0.002 NaN
Total 5396 820080839 6.6e-06 6.6 1 3.5
Target Coverage for Each Individual

The x axis represents the samples. The y axis represents the exons, one row per exon, and they are sorted by average coverage across samples. For exons with exactly the same average coverage, they are sorted next by the %GC of the exon. (The secondary sort is especially useful for the zero-coverage exons at the bottom).

Figure 1. 

Distribution of Mutation Counts, Coverage, and Mutation Rates Across Samples

Figure 2.  Patients counts and rates file used to generate this plot: BLCA-TP.patients.counts_and_rates.txt

Needs description.

Figure 3.  Needs description.

Figure 4.  Needs description.

CoMut Plot

Figure 5.  Get High-res Image The matrix in the center of the figure represents individual mutations in patient samples, color-coded by type of mutation, for the significantly mutated genes. The rate of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations is displayed at the top of the matrix. The barplot on the left of the matrix shows the number of mutations in each gene. The percentages represent the fraction of tumors with at least one mutation in the specified gene. The barplot to the right of the matrix displays the q-values for the most significantly mutated genes. The purple boxplots below the matrix (only displayed if required columns are present in the provided MAF) represent the distributions of allelic fractions observed in each sample. The plot at the bottom represents the base substitution distribution of individual samples, using the same categories that were used to calculate significance.

Significantly Mutated Genes

Column Descriptions:

  • N = number of sequenced bases in this gene across the individual set

  • n = number of (nonsilent) mutations in this gene across the individual set

  • npat = number of patients (individuals) with at least one nonsilent mutation

  • nsite = number of unique sites having a non-silent mutation

  • nsil = number of silent mutations in this gene across the individual set

  • n1 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: Tp*C->(T/G)

  • n2 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: Tp*C->A

  • n3 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: (A/C/G)p*C->mut

  • n4 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: A->mut

  • n5 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: indel+null

  • n6 = number of nonsilent mutations of type: double_null

  • p_cons = p-value for enrichment of mutations at evolutionarily most-conserved sites in gene

  • p_joint = p-value for clustering + conservation

  • p = p-value (overall)

  • q = q-value, False Discovery Rate (Benjamini-Hochberg procedure)

Table 3.  Get Full Table A Ranked List of Significantly Mutated Genes. Number of significant genes found: 1. Number of genes displayed: 35. Click on a gene name to display its stick figure depicting the distribution of mutations and mutation types across the chosen gene (this feature may not be available for all significant genes).

rank gene description N n npat nsite nsil n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 p_cons p_joint p_cv p q
1 TP53 tumor protein p53 34506 14 11 13 1 2 0 8 1 3 0 0.0051 0.000022 0.0021 8.3e-07 0.015
2 FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 68665 6 5 5 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0.081 0.0033 0.0051 0.0002 1
3 TMCO2 transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2 15596 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.9 0.15 0.0024 0.0032 1
4 NFE2L2 nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 50092 4 4 4 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0.011 0.022 0.047 0.008 1
5 AZI1 5-azacytidine induced 1 72929 3 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.014 0.0017 0.86 0.011 1
6 CRYBB1 crystallin, beta B1 21812 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0.09 0.015 0.11 0.012 1
7 RFTN2 raftlin family member 2 40281 3 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0.54 0.5 0.0049 0.017 1
8 H1FX H1 histone family, member X 6847 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.19 0.038 0.07 0.019 1
9 GPS2 G protein pathway suppressor 2 26706 3 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0.42 0.55 0.0059 0.022 1
10 PYGO1 pygopus homolog 1 (Drosophila) 35616 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0.65 0.22 0.015 0.023 1
11 RPL31 ribosomal protein L31 12690 3 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0.0065 0.57 0.024 1
12 TBCC tubulin folding cofactor C 28768 3 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.005 0.0074 0.51 0.025 1
13 NXPH2 neurexophilin 2 20944 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.8 0.018 0.21 0.026 1
14 KLF5 Kruppel-like factor 5 (intestinal) 31500 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.42 0.4 0.0099 0.026 1
15 AMACR alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase 37197 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.23 0.063 0.064 0.026 1
16 ZNF263 zinc finger protein 263 58087 3 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0.69 0.23 0.019 0.027 1
17 NUDT14 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 14 16739 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.03 0.03 1
18 C17orf81 chromosome 17 open reading frame 81 29954 3 2 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0.096 0.011 0.43 0.031 1
19 MGA MAX gene associated 241266 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.0048 0.0052 0.97 0.032 1
20 PLAUR plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor 28994 3 2 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.014 0.38 0.033 1
21 LCE1F late cornified envelope 1F 10079 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.033 0.033 1
22 CDH8 cadherin 8, type 2 68247 3 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0.19 0.0063 0.88 0.034 1
23 FEZ2 fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 (zygin II) 22624 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.6 0.32 0.018 0.035 1
24 ADSS adenylosuccinate synthase 37589 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 NaN NaN 0.036 0.036 1
25 GINS1 GINS complex subunit 1 (Psf1 homolog) 17292 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.036 0.036 1
26 C11orf85 chromosome 11 open reading frame 85 19112 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.93 0.22 0.028 0.038 1
27 MGP matrix Gla protein 8863 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.041 0.041 1
28 TP53I13 tumor protein p53 inducible protein 13 26129 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.041 0.041 1
29 NME4 non-metastatic cells 4, protein expressed in 13692 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.042 0.042 1
30 ELF3 E74-like factor 3 (ets domain transcription factor, epithelial-specific ) 32054 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0.52 1 0.0071 0.042 1
31 OR11H12 olfactory receptor, family 11, subfamily H, member 12 25197 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.042 0.042 1
32 TNFSF4 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 4 (tax-transcriptionally activated glycoprotein 1, 34kDa) 15764 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 NaN NaN 0.043 0.043 1
33 HLA-A major histocompatibility complex, class I, A 29882 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0.7 1 0.0072 0.043 1
34 INPP4B inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II, 105kDa 78653 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.03 0.02 0.37 0.044 1
35 XPR1 xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 59450 5 4 5 1 3 0 0 0 2 0 0.5 0.47 0.016 0.045 1
TP53

Figure S1.  This figure depicts the distribution of mutations and mutation types across the TP53 significant gene.

COSMIC analyses

In this analysis, COSMIC is used as a filter to increase power by restricting the territory of each gene. Cosmic version: v48.

Table 4.  Get Full Table Significantly mutated genes (COSMIC territory only). To access the database please go to: COSMIC. Number of significant genes found: 3. Number of genes displayed: 10

rank gene description n cos n_cos N_cos cos_ev p q
1 TP53 tumor protein p53 14 356 14 9968 2964 4.3e-13 1.9e-09
2 FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 6 91 4 2548 102 3.2e-09 7.3e-06
3 FGFR3 fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (achondroplasia, thanatophoric dwarfism) 2 62 2 1736 216 0.000065 0.098
4 DPYSL4 dihydropyrimidinase-like 4 1 1 1 28 2 0.00018 0.17
5 TBC1D8B TBC1 domain family, member 8B (with GRAM domain) 2 1 1 28 1 0.00018 0.17
6 BMX BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase 2 2 1 56 2 0.00037 0.24
7 GABRA6 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 6 2 2 1 56 1 0.00037 0.24
8 BAZ1A bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 1A 1 4 1 112 1 0.00074 0.32
9 PHIP pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein 3 4 1 112 1 0.00074 0.32
10 SCN9A sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IX, alpha subunit 1 4 1 112 1 0.00074 0.32

Note:

n - number of (nonsilent) mutations in this gene across the individual set.

cos = number of unique mutated sites in this gene in COSMIC

n_cos = overlap between n and cos.

N_cos = number of individuals times cos.

cos_ev = total evidence: number of reports in COSMIC for mutations seen in this gene.

p = p-value for seeing the observed amount of overlap in this gene)

q = q-value, False Discovery Rate (Benjamini-Hochberg procedure)

Geneset Analyses

Table 5.  Get Full Table A Ranked List of Significantly Mutated Genesets. (Source: MSigDB GSEA Cannonical Pathway Set).Number of significant genesets found: 21. Number of genesets displayed: 10

rank geneset description genes N_genes mut_tally N n npat nsite nsil n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 p_ns_s p q
1 TIDPATHWAY On ligand binding, interferon gamma receptors stimulate JAK2 kinase to phosphorylate STAT transcription factors, which promote expression of interferon responsive genes. DNAJA3, HSPA1A, IFNG, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IKBKB, JAK2, LIN7A, NFKB1, NFKBIA, RB1, RELA, TIP-1, TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, TP53, USH1C, WT1 18 IFNGR2(1), JAK2(1), RB1(2), RELA(1), TNFRSF1B(1), TP53(14), USH1C(1) 754587 21 15 19 1 5 1 9 1 4 1 0.023 2e-08 0.000012
2 PMLPATHWAY Ring-shaped PML nuclear bodies regulate transcription and are required co-activators in p53- and DAXX-mediated apoptosis. CREBBP, DAXX, HRAS, PAX3, PML, PRAM-1, RARA, RB1, SIRT1, SP100, TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF6, TNFSF6, TP53, UBL1 13 CREBBP(5), DAXX(1), PML(3), RARA(2), RB1(2), SP100(1), TNFRSF1B(1), TP53(14) 792662 29 17 27 2 7 0 13 1 7 1 0.012 6e-08 0.000018
3 RNAPATHWAY dsRNA-activated protein kinase phosphorylates elF2a, which generally inhibits translation, and activates NF-kB to provoke inflammation. CHUK, DNAJC3, EIF2S1, EIF2S2, MAP3K14, NFKB1, NFKBIA, PRKR, RELA, TP53 9 DNAJC3(1), RELA(1), TP53(14) 408205 16 12 15 1 4 0 8 1 3 0 0.085 3.2e-07 0.000065
4 TERTPATHWAY hTERC, the RNA subunit of telomerase, and hTERT, the catalytic protein subunit, are required for telomerase activity and are overexpressed in many cancers. HDAC1, MAX, MYC, SP1, SP3, TP53, WT1, ZNF42 7 SP3(2), TP53(14) 292760 16 12 15 2 4 0 8 1 3 0 0.19 9.2e-07 0.00014
5 FBW7PATHWAY Cyclin E interacts with cell cycle checkpoint kinase cdk2 to allow transcription of genes required for S phase, including transcription of additional cyclin E. CCNE1, CDC34, CDK2, CUL1, E2F1, FBXW7, RB1, SKP1A, TFDP1 8 CUL1(4), FBXW7(6), RB1(2) 343289 12 9 9 0 5 0 3 0 3 1 0.06 5.9e-06 0.00072
6 RBPATHWAY The ATM protein kinase recognizes DNA damage and blocks cell cycle progression by phosphorylating chk1 and p53, which normally inhibits Rb to allow G1/S transitions. ATM, CDC2, CDC25A, CDC25B, CDC25C, CDK2, CDK4, CHEK1, MYT1, RB1, TP53, WEE1, YWHAH 12 ATM(3), RB1(2), TP53(14), WEE1(1) 734757 20 16 18 3 3 0 9 2 5 1 0.3 0.000026 0.0026
7 PLK3PATHWAY Active Plk3 phosphorylates CDC25c, blocking the G2/M transition, and phosphorylates p53 to induce apoptosis. ATM, ATR, CDC25C, CHEK1, CHEK2, CNK, TP53, YWHAH 7 ATM(3), ATR(3), TP53(14) 670310 20 13 19 2 6 0 9 2 3 0 0.18 0.000072 0.0064
8 SA_G1_AND_S_PHASES Cdk2, 4, and 6 bind cyclin D in G1, while cdk2/cyclin E promotes the G1/S transition. ARF1, ARF3, CCND1, CDK2, CDK4, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, CFL1, E2F1, E2F2, MDM2, NXT1, PRB1, TP53 15 CCND1(1), CDKN1A(2), E2F2(1), TP53(14) 345627 18 12 17 3 4 0 9 2 3 0 0.22 0.00016 0.012
9 ARFPATHWAY Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A is a tumor suppressor that induces G1 arrest and can activate the p53 pathway, leading to G2/M arrest. ABL1, CDKN2A, E2F1, MDM2, MYC, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, POLR1A, POLR1B, POLR1C, POLR1D, RAC1, RB1, TBX2, TP53, TWIST1 16 ABL1(1), PIK3CA(3), PIK3R1(1), RB1(2), TP53(14) 838723 21 13 19 3 5 1 9 1 4 1 0.16 0.00028 0.019
10 G1PATHWAY CDK4/6-cyclin D and CDK2-cyclin E phosphorylate Rb, which allows the transcription of genes needed for the G1/S cell cycle transition. ABL1, ATM, ATR, CCNA1, CCND1, CCNE1, CDC2, CDC25A, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, DHFR, E2F1, GSK3B, HDAC1, MADH3, MADH4, RB1, SKP2, TFDP1, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TP53 25 ABL1(1), ATM(3), ATR(3), CCND1(1), CDK6(1), CDKN1A(2), RB1(2), TP53(14) 1250337 27 17 25 3 10 0 10 2 4 1 0.079 0.0003 0.019
Methods & Data
Methods

In brief, we tabulate the number of mutations and the number of covered bases for each gene. The counts are broken down by mutation context category: four context categories that are discovered by MutSig, and one for indel and 'null' mutations, which include indels, nonsense mutations, splice-site mutations, and non-stop (read-through) mutations. For each gene, we calculate the probability of seeing the observed constellation of mutations, i.e. the product P1 x P2 x ... x Pm, or a more extreme one, given the background mutation rates calculated across the dataset. [1]

Download Results

This is an experimental feature. The full results of the analysis summarized in this report can be downloaded from the TCGA Data Coordination Center.

References
[1] TCGA, Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma, Nature 474:609 - 615 (2011)
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