Correlation between mRNAseq expression and clinical features
Glioblastoma Multiforme (Primary solid tumor)
02 April 2015  |  analyses__2015_04_02
Maintainer Information
Citation Information
Maintained by Juok Cho (Broad Institute)
Cite as Broad Institute TCGA Genome Data Analysis Center (2015): Correlation between mRNAseq expression and clinical features. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. doi:10.7908/C11C1VWJ
Overview
Introduction

This pipeline uses various statistical tests to identify mRNAs whose log2 expression levels correlated to selected clinical features.

Summary

Testing the association between 18210 genes and 7 clinical features across 152 samples, statistically thresholded by P value < 0.05 and Q value < 0.3, 4 clinical features related to at least one genes.

  • 30 genes correlated to 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'.

    • ZIC3|7547 ,  NSUN5|55695 ,  LRRC61|65999 ,  GLUD2|2747 ,  C20ORF200|253868 ,  ...

  • 30 genes correlated to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'.

    • LOC84856|84856 ,  CBARA1|10367 ,  NOL3|8996 ,  SSH3|54961 ,  SNX21|90203 ,  ...

  • 5 genes correlated to 'GENDER'.

    • CYORF15A|246126 ,  HDHD1A|8226 ,  NCRNA00183|554203 ,  CYORF15B|84663 ,  FRG1B|284802

  • 30 genes correlated to 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'.

    • ZNF677|342926 ,  LOC80054|80054 ,  SP3|6670 ,  IPO7|10527 ,  TIAF1|9220 ,  ...

  • No genes correlated to 'KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE', 'RACE', and 'ETHNICITY'.

Results
Overview of the results

Complete statistical result table is provided in Supplement Table 1

Table 1.  Get Full Table This table shows the clinical features, statistical methods used, and the number of genes that are significantly associated with each clinical feature at P value < 0.05 and Q value < 0.3.

Clinical feature Statistical test Significant genes Associated with                 Associated with
DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP Cox regression test N=30 shorter survival N=21 longer survival N=9
YEARS_TO_BIRTH Spearman correlation test N=30 older N=18 younger N=12
GENDER Wilcoxon test N=5 male N=5 female N=0
KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE Spearman correlation test   N=0        
RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION Wilcoxon test N=30 yes N=30 no N=0
RACE Kruskal-Wallis test   N=0        
ETHNICITY Wilcoxon test   N=0        
Clinical variable #1: 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'

30 genes related to 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'.

Table S1.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'

DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP Duration (Months) 0.2-88.1 (median=10.9)
  censored N = 34
  death N = 117
     
  Significant markers N = 30
  associated with shorter survival 21
  associated with longer survival 9
List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'

Table S2.  Get Full Table List of top 10 genes significantly associated with 'Time to Death' by Cox regression test

HazardRatio Wald_P Q C_index
ZIC3|7547 0.74 2.309e-06 0.037 0.383
NSUN5|55695 2.6 4.112e-06 0.037 0.589
LRRC61|65999 1.24 1.422e-05 0.083 0.618
GLUD2|2747 0.44 2.06e-05 0.083 0.412
C20ORF200|253868 1.28 2.278e-05 0.083 0.618
SOX21|11166 0.71 2.905e-05 0.088 0.389
LOXL4|84171 1.31 4.669e-05 0.091 0.616
RPL39L|116832 1.26 4.773e-05 0.091 0.631
WFDC2|10406 1.35 5.722e-05 0.091 0.624
INSL3|3640 1.48 5.836e-05 0.091 0.647
Clinical variable #2: 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

30 genes related to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'.

Table S3.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

YEARS_TO_BIRTH Mean (SD) 59.74 (14)
  Significant markers N = 30
  pos. correlated 18
  neg. correlated 12
List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

Table S4.  Get Full Table List of top 10 genes significantly correlated to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH' by Spearman correlation test

SpearmanCorr corrP Q
LOC84856|84856 -0.3698 3.461e-06 0.0436
CBARA1|10367 -0.3613 4.793e-06 0.0436
NOL3|8996 0.3484 1.087e-05 0.0506
SSH3|54961 0.3481 1.112e-05 0.0506
SNX21|90203 0.341 1.713e-05 0.0624
RARRES2|5919 0.3353 2.408e-05 0.0625
PMP22|5376 0.3349 2.47e-05 0.0625
GATA3|2625 0.3309 3.539e-05 0.0625
LRAT|9227 0.3284 3.613e-05 0.0625
EIF3L|51386 -0.3276 3.784e-05 0.0625
Clinical variable #3: 'GENDER'

5 genes related to 'GENDER'.

Table S5.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'GENDER'

GENDER Labels N
  FEMALE 53
  MALE 99
     
  Significant markers N = 5
  Higher in MALE 5
  Higher in FEMALE 0
List of 5 genes differentially expressed by 'GENDER'

Table S6.  Get Full Table List of 5 genes differentially expressed by 'GENDER'. 25 significant gene(s) located in sex chromosomes is(are) filtered out.

W(pos if higher in 'MALE') wilcoxontestP Q AUC
CYORF15A|246126 3465 1.748e-18 2.89e-15 1
HDHD1A|8226 614 8.019e-15 1.04e-11 0.883
NCRNA00183|554203 625 1.121e-14 1.36e-11 0.8809
CYORF15B|84663 2376 3.492e-14 3.97e-11 1
FRG1B|284802 3743 1.516e-05 0.00969 0.7134
Clinical variable #4: 'KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE'

No gene related to 'KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE'.

Table S7.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE'

KARNOFSKY_PERFORMANCE_SCORE Mean (SD) 75.75 (14)
  Significant markers N = 0
Clinical variable #5: 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'

30 genes related to 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'.

Table S8.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'

RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION Labels N
  NO 102
  YES 50
     
  Significant markers N = 30
  Higher in YES 30
  Higher in NO 0
List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'

Table S9.  Get Full Table List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'RADIATIONS_RADIATION_REGIMENINDICATION'

W(pos if higher in 'YES') wilcoxontestP Q AUC
ZNF677|342926 1332 1.801e-06 0.0328 0.7388
LOC80054|80054 3703 6.195e-06 0.0369 0.7261
SP3|6670 1423 9.978e-06 0.0369 0.721
IPO7|10527 1436 1.262e-05 0.0369 0.7184
TIAF1|9220 3663 1.284e-05 0.0369 0.7182
CEMP1|752014 3658 1.405e-05 0.0369 0.7173
LPCAT4|254531 3652 1.563e-05 0.0369 0.7161
METAP2|10988 1460 1.933e-05 0.0369 0.7137
SPTBN5|51332 3635 2.11e-05 0.0369 0.7127
LENG9|94059 3628 2.384e-05 0.0369 0.7114
Clinical variable #6: 'RACE'

No gene related to 'RACE'.

Table S10.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'RACE'

RACE Labels N
  ASIAN 5
  BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 10
  WHITE 136
     
  Significant markers N = 0
Clinical variable #7: 'ETHNICITY'

No gene related to 'ETHNICITY'.

Table S11.  Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'ETHNICITY'

ETHNICITY Labels N
  HISPANIC OR LATINO 3
  NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO 125
     
  Significant markers N = 0
Methods & Data
Input
  • Expresson data file = GBM-TP.uncv2.mRNAseq_RSEM_normalized_log2.txt

  • Clinical data file = GBM-TP.merged_data.txt

  • Number of patients = 152

  • Number of genes = 18210

  • Number of clinical features = 7

Selected clinical features
  • For clinical features selected for this analysis and their value conozzle.versions, please find a documentation on selected CDEs .

  • Survival time data

    • Survival time data is a combined value of days_to_death and days_to_last_followup. For each patient, it creates a combined value 'days_to_death_or_last_fup' using conversion process below.

      • if 'vital_status'==1(dead), 'days_to_last_followup' is always NA. Thus, uses 'days_to_death' value for 'days_to_death_or_fup'

      • if 'vital_status'==0(alive),

        • if 'days_to_death'==NA & 'days_to_last_followup'!=NA, uses 'days_to_last_followup' value for 'days_to_death_or_fup'

        • if 'days_to_death'!=NA, excludes this case in survival analysis and report the case.

      • if 'vital_status'==NA,excludes this case in survival analysis and report the case.

    • cf. In certain diesase types such as SKCM, days_to_death parameter is replaced with time_from_specimen_dx or time_from_specimen_procurement_to_death .

  • This analysis excluded clinical variables that has only NA values.

Survival analysis

For survival clinical features, Wald's test in univariate Cox regression analysis with proportional hazards model (Andersen and Gill 1982) was used to estimate the P values using the 'coxph' function in R. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plot using the four quartile subgroups of patients based on expression levels

Correlation analysis

For continuous numerical clinical features, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (Spearman 1904) and two-tailed P values were estimated using 'cor.test' function in R

Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney U test)

For two groups (mutant or wild-type) of continuous type of clinical data, wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann and Whitney, 1947) was applied to compare their mean difference using 'wilcox.test(continuous.clinical ~ as.factor(group), exact=FALSE)' function in R. This test is equivalent to the Mann-Whitney test.

Q value calculation

For multiple hypothesis correction, Q value is the False Discovery Rate (FDR) analogue of the P value (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995), defined as the minimum FDR at which the test may be called significant. We used the 'Benjamini and Hochberg' method of 'p.adjust' function in R to convert P values into Q values.

Download Results

In addition to the links below, the full results of the analysis summarized in this report can also be downloaded programmatically using firehose_get, or interactively from either the Broad GDAC website or TCGA Data Coordination Center Portal.

References
[1] Andersen and Gill, Cox's regression model for counting processes, a large sample study, Annals of Statistics 10(4):1100-1120 (1982)
[2] Spearman, C, The proof and measurement of association between two things, Amer. J. Psychol 15:72-101 (1904)
[3] Mann and Whitney, On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 18 (1), 50-60 (1947)
[4] Benjamini and Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 59:289-300 (1995)