rankgenesetdescriptionN_genesmut_tallyNnnpatnsitensiln1n2n3n4n5pq
1HSA02010_ABC_TRANSPORTERS_ GENERALGenes involved in ABC transporters - general42ABCA13(14), ABCA3(4), ABCA4(3), ABCA6(3), ABCA7(2), ABCB1(3), ABCC1(1), ABCC10(1), ABCC12(5), ABCC2(1), ABCC3(3), ABCC5(2), ABCC8(5), ABCC9(5), ABCG4(2), ABCG5(2), ABCG8(1), TAP2(1)51955258415812181811470.0000800.046
2MONOCYTEPATHWAYMonocytes are a class of immune phagocytes that can develop into macrophages and express LFA-1, CD44, and other surface signaling proteins.10ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), SELE(3)64350129123521220.000220.046
3NEUTROPHILPATHWAYNeutrophils are phagocytotic leukocytes that destroy foreign cells with reactive oxygen species or enzymatic digestion and express CD11 and CD18.8ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), SELE(3)64350129123521220.000220.046
4LAIRPATHWAYThe local acute inflammatory response is mediated by activated macrophages and mast cells or by complement activation.15C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), ITGAL(6)647911312133451210.000350.048
5HSA04670_LEUKOCYTE_ TRANSENDOTHELIAL_ MIGRATIONGenes involved in Leukocyte transendothelial migration110ACTN3(2), CDH5(1), CTNND1(3), CYBB(1), GRLF1(3), ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), MYL7(1), PIK3R5(2), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), PTK2B(2), RHOH(2)2907563023301012102510.000390.048
6HSA00680_METHANE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in methane metabolism10TPO(6)221276662040200.00110.074
7HSA00940_PHENYLPROPANOID_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis7TPO(6)221276662040200.00110.074
8BLYMPHOCYTEPATHWAYB cells express the major histocompatibility complex (class II MHC), immunoglobulins, adhesion proteins, and other factors on their cell surface.10CR1(3), ITGAL(6), PTPRC(6)908091514151642120.00110.074
9GPCRDB_CLASS_C_METABOTROPIC_ GLUTAMATE_PHEROMONE12CASR(4), GRM2(2)177566660321000.00120.074
10AGPCRPATHWAYG-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce extracellular signals across the plasma membrane; attenuation occurs by signal molecule degradation or receptor-mediated endocytosis.11GNAS(3), PRKCA(2)177335553302000.00130.074
11HBXPATHWAYHbx is a hepatitis B protein that activates a number of transcription factors, possibly by inducing calcium release from the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm.8CREB1(1), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)202166661122100.00140.074
12TCYTOTOXICPATHWAYCytotoxic T cells release perforin and granzyme to lyse foreign cell targets and express Fas ligand to promote Fas-induced apoptosis.11ITGAL(6), PTPRC(6)713971211121531120.00170.074
13THELPERPATHWAYHelper T cells coordinate the actions of B cells, macrophages, and other immune cells via surface molecules such as T cell receptor/CD3 and their characteristic marker CD4.11ITGAL(6), PTPRC(6)713971211121531120.00170.074
14HSA04912_GNRH_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in GnRH signaling pathway89ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), CACNA1D(6), CACNA1F(2), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), GNA11(1), GNAS(3), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), PLA2G4A(3), PLCB4(3), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)51790551355117151513260.00190.074
15STRIATED_MUSCLE_ CONTRACTION35ACTN3(2), MYBPC2(1), MYBPC3(3), MYH6(7), MYH7(5), MYH8(10), MYOM1(2), NEB(10), TPM2(1), TPM4(1)414473423442157207260.00210.074
16CYTOKINEPATHWAYIntercellular signaling in the immune system occurs via secretion of cytokines, which promote antigen-dependent B and T cell response.20IL16(5)224305550040100.00230.074
17LYMPHOCYTEPATHWAYB and T cell lymphocytes interact with other cells via transmembrane adhesion proteins such as CD44, which interacts with endothelial cells.9ITGAL(6), SELE(3)582309790311220.00230.074
18HSA04530_TIGHT_JUNCTIONGenes involved in tight junction126ACTN3(2), ASH1L(3), CDK4(1), EPB41L1(2), INADL(1), LLGL1(1), MAGI1(3), MPDZ(2), MYH1(10), MYH10(3), MYH11(5), MYH4(8), MYH6(7), MYH7(5), MYH8(10), MYL7(1), PARD3(1), PPM1J(1), PPP2R2A(2), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), SPTAN1(3), SYMPK(2), YES1(3), ZAK(2)953215815181221534183110.00240.074
19CTLPATHWAYCytotoxic T lymphocytes induce apoptosis in infected cells presenting antigen-MHC-I complexes via the perforin and Fas/Fas ligand pathways.10ITGAL(6)329476560301110.00240.074
20MYOSINPATHWAYMyosin light chain kinase phosphorylates myosin and promotes muscle contraction and platelet formation; myosin phosphatase antagonizes these processes.12MYLK(4), PPP1R12B(2), PRKCA(2)376538883340010.00250.074
21CREBPATHWAYCREB is a transcription factor that binds to cAMP-responsive elements (CREs) to activate transcription in response to extracellular signaling.26CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CREB1(1), GNAS(3), PRKCA(2), SOS1(3)1081001411146615110.00260.074
22METPATHWAYThe hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-Met stimulates proliferation and alters cell motility and adhesion on binding the ligand HGF.35DOCK1(4), ITGA1(1), MET(2), PTK2(2), PTK2B(2), RASA1(1), SOS1(3)1084771512156336030.00270.074
23ACTINYPATHWAYThe Arp 2/3 complex localizes to the Y-junction of polymerizing actin fibers that enable lamellipod extension and consequent cell motility.18NTRK1(4), WASF1(2), WASF3(1), WASL(2)1132899981020340.00270.074
24HSA04360_AXON_GUIDANCEGenes involved in axon guidance122ABLIM1(1), ABLIM3(3), EPHA3(4), EPHA6(10), EPHB2(1), EPHB4(1), MET(2), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PLXNA1(4), PLXNC1(3), PPP3CC(1), PTK2(2), RASA1(1), ROBO3(5), SEMA4F(1), SEMA4G(1), SEMA6A(3), SEMA6B(1), SEMA7A(1), SLIT1(6), SRGAP3(3)62910658385820192310240.00300.076
25VITCBPATHWAYVitamin C (ascorbic acid), in addition to its role in collagen modification, serves as an antioxidant and is imported into cells by Svct2 in the brain and Svct1 in intestinal epithelium.10COL4A1(2), COL4A3(1), COL4A4(5)404938687321020.00320.077
26BIOPEPTIDESPATHWAYExtracellular signaling peptides exert biological effects via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate intracellular GTPases.37CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), GNA11(1), JAK2(1), MYLK(4), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3), STAT1(2)1499812015206784010.00330.077
27AKAP13PATHWAYA-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP13) localizes protein kinase A holoenzyme and is a nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac.7AKAP13(5)195605550111020.00340.077
28PROSTAGLANDIN_AND_ LEUKOTRIENE_METABOLISM31PLA2G4A(3), TPO(6)530629892151200.00400.087
29CFTRPATHWAYThe cAMP-regulated chloride channel CFTR (deficient in cystic fibrosis) is regulated by the surface-localized beta-adrenergic receptor.11GNAS(3)86403332102000.00420.087
30HSA04720_LONG_TERM_ POTENTIATIONGenes involved in long-term potentiation60ADCY8(7), ARAF(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CAMK4(3), CREBBP(2), GRIA1(3), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), PLCB4(3), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), RPS6KA2(1)3167353424341311135140.00430.087
31ALTERNATIVEPATHWAYThe alternative complement pathway is an antibody-independent mechanism of immune activation that results in cell lysis via the membrane attack complex.6C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), C9(1)517968885160100.00470.093
32ACE2PATHWAYAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) digests the blood-pressure regulator angiotensin II (AGT) ultimately to the vasodilator AGT1-7.11ACE2(1), COL4A1(2), COL4A3(1), COL4A4(5), REN(1)62015108108422020.00540.10
33HSA00563_GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_ ANCHOR_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis23PIGG(1), PIGO(2)123513330003000.00560.10
34HSA00061_FATTY_ACID_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis5ACACA(2), ACACB(4)351606662112200.00620.11
35SIG_CHEMOTAXISGenes related to chemotaxis43ARHGEF11(2), BTK(4), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), MYLK(4), RHO(1), WASF1(2), WASL(2)2346432116213372540.00690.12
36METHANE_METABOLISM13TPO(6)337646662040200.00720.12
37STILBENE_COUMARINE_ AND_LIGNIN_BIOSYNTHESIS10TPO(6)337646662040200.00720.12
38GPCRPATHWAYG-protein coupled receptors activate adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP, to activate second messenger pathways.34CREB1(1), GNAS(3), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2)778149794403200.00740.12
39SALMONELLAPATHWAYSalmonella induces membrane ruffling in infected cells via bacterial proteins including SipA, SipC, and SopE, which alter actin structure.12WASF1(2), WASL(2)507634440000310.00790.12
40HSA04664_FC_EPSILON_ RI_SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway73BTK(4), INPP5D(1), LAT(1), LYN(1), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), MS4A2(1), PIK3R5(2), PLA2G4A(3), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), SOS1(3)1907302119215657030.00850.13
41TRKAPATHWAYNerve growth factor (NGF) promotes neuronal survival and proliferation by binding its receptor TrkA, which activates PI3K/AKT, Ras, and the MAP kinase pathway.12NTRK1(4), PRKCA(2), SOS1(3)554289883322020.00860.13
42ACHPATHWAYNicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that primarily mediate neuromuscular signaling and may inhibit neuronal apoptosis via the AKT pathway.13PTK2(2), PTK2B(2), TERT(1)245065551041000.00900.13
43AMIPATHWAYEndogenous anti-thrombosis pathways are overwhelmed in plaque-narrowed blood vessels, resulting in potentially lethal myocardial infarction.21CREBBP(2), GNAS(3), PTPRC(6)688261111114342020.00940.13
44CSKPATHWAYCsk inhibits T-cell activation by phosphorylating Lck; Csk is regulated by cAMP-dependent kinases and is opposed by the T-cell activator CD45.21CREBBP(2), GNAS(3), PTPRC(6)688261111114342020.00940.13
45TYROSINE_METABOLISM32ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), TAT(1), TPO(6)1423841716174481220.0100.14
46CCR5PATHWAYCCR5 is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in macrophages that recognizes chemokine ligands and is targeted by the HIV envelope protein GP120.17PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2)138934441220000.0110.15
47IONPATHWAYActivated phospholipase C hydrolyzes the lipid PIP3 into second messengers DAG, which activates protein kinase C, and IP3, which induces calcium influx into the cytoplasm.4PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2)138934441220000.0110.15
48HSA04540_GAP_JUNCTIONGenes involved in gap junction86ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), GNA11(1), GNAS(3), GUCY2C(3), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), PDGFRB(3), PLCB4(3), PRKCA(2), SOS1(3), TUBA4A(1), TUBB4(1)4489813927391812910350.0120.15
49NDKDYNAMINPATHWAYEndocytotic role of NDK, Phosphins and Dynamin19AMPH(3), PICALM(2), PPP3CC(1), SYNJ2(1)435327672412000.0120.15
50ST_PHOSPHOINOSITIDE_ 3_KINASE_PATHWAYThe phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway produces the lipid second messenger PIP3 and regulates cell growth, survival, and movement.33BTK(4), INPP5D(1), RPS6KA2(1), SOS1(3)588189991133020.0120.15
51ST_MYOCYTE_AD_PATHWAYCardiac myocytes have a variety of adrenergic receptors that induce subtype-specific signaling effects.21APC(4), EPHB2(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), RHO(1)1116021210122161310.0130.16
52RIBOFLAVIN_METABOLISM10ACP5(2), ACPP(1), ENPP3(2)245955550320000.0160.18
53GSPATHWAYActivated G-protein coupled receptors stimulate cAMP production and thus activate protein kinase A, involved in a number of signal transduction pathways.6GNAS(3)136393332102000.0180.20
54NKTPATHWAYT cell differentiation into Th1 and Th2 cells occurs by differential chemokine receptor expression, which mediates tissue localization and immune response.28CXCR3(1), IL12RB2(2)171393231100110.0190.22
55ST_INTERFERON_GAMMA_ PATHWAYThe interferon gamma pathway resembles the JAK-STAT pathway and activates STAT transcription factors.9JAK1(1), JAK2(1), PTPRU(3), STAT1(2)485707771150100.0200.22
56CHREBPPATHWAYCarbohydrate responsive element binding protein (chREBP) is a transcription factor inhibited by cAMP and activated by high carbohydrate levels.17GNAS(3), PRKAG2(1)202804442202000.0200.22
57PANTOTHENATE_AND_ COA_BIOSYNTHESIS12DPYS(3), ENPP3(2), PANK3(1), PANK4(1)471887772330100.0210.23
58ST_TYPE_I_INTERFERON_ PATHWAYType I interferon is an antiviral cytokine that induces a JAK-STAT type pathway leading to ISGF3 activation and a cellular antiviral response.8JAK1(1), PTPRU(3), STAT1(2), STAT2(2)545178881240110.0220.23
59HSA00950_ALKALOID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_IGenes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis I5DDC(2), TAT(1)116963331110010.0240.25
60SIG_PIP3_SIGNALING_ IN_B_LYMPHOCYTESGenes related to PIP3 signaling in B lymphocytes32BCR(1), BTK(4), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), LYN(1), PTPRC(6), RPS6KA2(1)1932201915193392140.0260.27
61BILE_ACID_BIOSYNTHESIS27ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), HADHB(3)678441010101432010.0280.28
62ST_G_ALPHA_I_PATHWAYGi and Go proteins are members of the same family that transduce cellular signals through both their alpha and beta subunits.30EPHB2(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), PLCB4(3), SOS1(3)998581310132362110.0290.28
63PLCDPATHWAYPhospholipase C (PLC-d1) hydrolyzes the membrane lipid PIP2 to DAG and IP3, which induce calcium influx and activates protein kinase C.4PLCD1(1), PRKCA(2)210333331300000.0290.29
64SA_TRKA_RECEPTORThe TrkA receptor binds nerve growth factor to activate MAP kinase pathways and promote cell growth.15NTRK1(4), SOS1(3)500557762122020.0300.29
65NO2IL12PATHWAYMacrophages activate NK cells by releasing IL-12, which induces NK cytotoxic activity in coordination with NO produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase II.15CXCR3(1), IL12RB2(2), JAK2(1)255044241110110.0320.30
66ST_WNT_CA2_CYCLIC_ GMP_PATHWAYSome Wnt glycoprotein/Frizzled receptor interactions increase intracellular calcium and decrease cGMP.17CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), NFAT5(2), PDE6C(2)1350041511153362130.0330.31
67ST_JAK_STAT_PATHWAYThe Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway transduces extracellular signals to promote gene activation.9JAK1(1), JAK2(1), PIAS1(1), PTPRU(3)431006660140100.0340.32
68CBLPATHWAYActivated EGF receptors undergo endocytosis into clathrin-coated vesicles, where they are recycled to the membrane or ubiquitinated by Cbl.11CSF1R(2), MET(2), PRKCA(2)456656665302010.0350.32
69PTDINSPATHWAYPhosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) phosphorylate inositol rings of phosphoinositide lipids, influencing vesicle trafficking, cell proliferation, and migration.22BTK(4), LYN(1), PFKP(1), PRKCE(1)755387771013120.0370.33
70TH1TH2PATHWAYHelper T subtype Th1 produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate phagocytosis, while Th2 cells promote antibody production and activate eosinophils.17IL12RB2(2)146062121000110.0380.33
71STARCH_AND_SUCROSE_ METABOLISM44AGL(3), ENPP3(2), GANAB(1), GCK(2), GPI(2), GYS2(2), HK1(1), MGAM(6), UGT2B15(1)24178620172055121200.0390.33
72TCRAPATHWAYThe kinases Lck and Fyn phosphorylate and activate the T cell receptor, which recognizes antigen-bound MHCII and leads to T cell activation.10PTPRC(6)401626661230010.0390.33
73IL12PATHWAYIL12 and Stat4 Dependent Signaling Pathway in Th1 Development20CXCR3(1), IL12RB2(2), JAK2(1), MAP2K6(1)358245351120110.0410.34
74ERKPATHWAYCell growth is promoted by Ras activation of the anti-apoptotic p44/42 MAP kinase pathway.28GNAS(3), SOS1(3)628426664204000.0410.34
75DCPATHWAYDendritic cells internalize and present antigen, after which they migrate to lymphocyte-rich tissues and induce T and B cell differentiation.21CD5(2), TLR9(3)349825450021110.0430.35
76ST_STAT3_PATHWAYThe transcription factor STAT3 is involved in cell growth regulation and is commonly upregulated in tumors.11JAK1(1), JAK2(1), PTPRU(3)413705550040100.0460.37
77HSA00062_FATTY_ACID_ ELONGATION_IN_MITOCHONDRIAGenes involved in fatty acid elongation in mitochondria10HADHB(3), HSD17B4(2)420765550301100.0460.37
78HSA04916_MELANOGENESISGenes involved in melanogenesis96ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CREB1(1), CREB3L3(1), CREBBP(2), DVL1(1), DVL3(3), FZD2(1), GNAS(3), PLCB4(3), PRKCA(2), WNT7A(3)5087343832381512107270.0470.37
79IFNAPATHWAYInterferon alpha, active in the immune response, binds to the IFN receptor and activates Jak1 and Tyk2, which phosphorylate Stat1 and Stat2.8JAK1(1), STAT1(2), STAT2(2)396055551210110.0480.37
80HSA04370_VEGF_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in VEGF signaling pathway68MAPKAPK2(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), NOS3(1), PIK3R5(2), PLA2G4A(3), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2)1694281611163644200.0510.39
81GLYCOLYSISPATHWAYGlycolysis is an evolutionarily conserved pathway by which one glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules for a gain of 2 ATP.9GPI(2), HK1(1), PGK1(2)333605552130010.0560.43
82BCRPATHWAYB cell antigen receptors (BCRs) activate tyrosine kinases and transiently increase tyrosine phosphorylation on binding to antigen.34BLNK(1), BTK(4), LYN(1), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), SOS1(3)1603311412144416120.0580.44
83GABAPATHWAYGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter whose receptor is regulated by Plic-1, gephyrin, and GABARAP, which promote receptor clustering.12GABRA3(2)95602222020000.0600.44
84HSA04810_REGULATION_ OF_ACTIN_CYTOSKELETONGenes involved in regulation of actin cytoskeleton199ACTN3(2), APC(4), APC2(1), ARAF(1), ARHGEF6(4), CYFIP2(2), DOCK1(4), FGD1(1), FGD3(3), GRLF1(3), ITGA1(1), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGA7(1), ITGA8(6), ITGAD(5), ITGAE(1), ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), ITGB4(1), MYH10(3), MYL7(1), MYLK(4), NCKAP1L(4), PDGFRB(3), PIK3R5(2), PPP1R12B(2), PTK2(2), SOS1(3), TIAM2(5), WASF1(2), WASL(2)1142363864986241831198100.0600.44
85ARENRF2PATHWAYNrf1 and nrf2 are transcription factors that bind to antioxidant response elements (AREs), promoters of genes involved in oxidative damage control.12CREB1(1), PRKCA(2)249893331200100.0640.46
86CALCINEURINPATHWAYIncreased intracellular calcium activates the phosphatase calcineurin in differentiating keratinocytes.18NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2)467455451301100.0650.46
87HSA00592_ALPHA_LINOLENIC_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism15PLA2G4A(3)136583230111000.0670.48
88FCER1PATHWAYIn mast cells, Fc epsilon receptor 1 activates BTK, PKC, and the MAP kinase pathway to promote degranulation and arachnidonic acid release.37BTK(4), LYN(1), MAP2K4(1), NFATC3(2), PLA2G4A(3), PPP3CC(1), SOS1(3)1810741510153326130.0700.49
89IL10PATHWAYThe cytokine IL-10 inhibits the inflammatory response by macrophages via activation of heme oxygenase 1.13BLVRB(1), IL10RA(1), JAK1(1), STAT1(2)405695551120110.0720.50
90RELAPATHWAYAcetylated NF-kB proteins are immune to IkB regulation and promote transcription until the histone deacetylase HDAC3 deacetylates the RelA subunit of NF-kB.16CHUK(2), CREBBP(2), TNFRSF1B(1)690775551110030.0740.50
91INTEGRIN_MEDIATED_ CELL_ADHESION_KEGG89CAPN11(3), CAPN3(1), CAPN5(2), DOCK1(4), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGA7(1), ITGA8(6), ITGAD(5), ITGAE(1), ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), ITGB4(1), MAP2K6(1), PTK2(2), RHO(1), SORBS1(3), SOS1(3), TLN1(3)63964350335015161510360.0760.50
92HSA00710_CARBON_ FIXATIONGenes involved in carbon fixation23PGK1(2), TKTL1(3)562545550102020.0760.50
93AKTPATHWAYSecond messenger PIP3 promotes cell survival by activating the anti-apoptotic kinase AKT.14CHUK(2)241422220000020.0760.50
941_AND_2_METHYLNAPHTHALENE_ DEGRADATION7ADH1B(4), ADH6(2)480286660230010.0770.50
95SA_DIACYLGLYCEROL_ SIGNALINGDAG (diacylglycerol) signaling activity9PDE1A(1), PDE1B(1)77242220110000.0790.51
96TPOPATHWAYThrombopoietin binds to its receptor and activates cell growth through the Erk and JNK MAP kinase pathways, protein kinase C, and JAK/STAT activation.22JAK2(1), PRKCA(2), RASA1(1), SOS1(3), STAT1(2), STAT5B(1)96118109105523000.0840.54
97PHENYLALANINE_METABOLISM22ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), TAT(1), TPO(6)1059931111114251210.0870.55
98HSA00071_FATTY_ACID_ METABOLISMGenes involved in fatty acid metabolism47ACSL3(1), ACSL5(1), ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1), GCDH(1), HADHB(3), HSD17B4(2)1717071615162742120.0880.56
99ST_ADRENERGICAdrenergic receptors respond to epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling.31APC(4), GNA11(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4)115352119111152210.0930.58
100HSA00120_BILE_ACID_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in bile acid biosynthesis38ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), HADHB(3)873841010101432010.0950.58
101STATIN_PATHWAY_PHARMGKB18DGAT1(2), HMGCR(1), LDLR(2), LRP1(6)129836111197245000.0960.58
102GCRPATHWAYCorticosteroids activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which inhibits NF-kB and activates Annexin-1, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response.17GNAS(3), NOS3(1)468694442102100.0960.58
103MRPPATHWAYCancer cells resistant to numerous drugs are called multidrug-resistant (MDR) and express ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins that pump the drugs out of cells.6ABCB1(3), ABCC1(1), ABCC3(3)599817774221110.100.59
104HSA00620_PYRUVATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in pyruvate metabolism41ACACA(2), ACACB(4), ACSS1(1), ALDH3A1(1), DLAT(1), GRHPR(1), HAGH(1), LDHC(1), PC(1)1942901312136326200.100.59
105HSA00641_3_CHLOROACRYLIC_ ACID_DEGRADATIONGenes involved in 3-chloroacrylic acid degradation15ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1)544417771231010.100.59
106GALACTOSE_METABOLISM24GANAB(1), GCK(2), HK1(1), MGAM(6), PFKP(1)1416631111114251300.100.59
107PPARAPATHWAYPeroxisome proliferators regulate gene expression via PPAR/RXR heterodimers which bind to peroxisome-proliferator response elements (PPREs).50CD36(1), CREBBP(2), EHHADH(1), HSD17B4(2), MRPL11(1), NCOR1(1), NCOR2(3), NR1H3(2), PRKCA(2), STAT5B(1)1932891614165580210.100.59
108ST_INTERLEUKIN_4_ PATHWAYLike IL-13, IL-4 is produced by Th2 cells on activation of the T cell antigen receptor, and by mast and basophil cells on activation of the IgE receptor.26INPP5D(1), JAK1(1), JAK2(1), SOS1(3)508146661122100.100.59
109FLUMAZENILPATHWAYFlumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that may induce protective preconditioning in ischemic cardiomyocytes.9GABRA3(2), PRKCE(1)194813332021000.100.59
110CARDIACEGFPATHWAYCardiac hypertrophy, a response to high blood pressure, is stimulated by GPCR ligands such as angiotensin II that activate the EGF pathway.15ADAM12(2), PRKCA(2)354164441310000.110.59
111NOS1PATHWAYGlutamate stimulates NMDA-mediates calcium influx, which promotes nitric oxide synthesis from arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase, activating guanylate cyclase.20PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2)279053331300000.110.59
112IFNGPATHWAYIFN gamma signaling pathway6JAK1(1), JAK2(1), STAT1(2)336584441120100.110.59
113HIFPATHWAYUnder normal conditions, hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1 is degraded; under hypoxic conditions, it activates transcription of genes controlled by hpoxic response elements (HREs).13CREB1(1), NOS3(1)411592220000200.110.60
114HSA00591_LINOLEIC_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in linoleic acid metabolism31CYP2C19(1), CYP2E1(1), CYP3A7(3), PLA2G4A(3)667968782241010.110.60
115HSA04640_HEMATOPOIETIC_ CELL_LINEAGEGenes involved in hematopoietic cell lineage85CD1B(2), CD1E(1), CD22(2), CD36(1), CD5(2), CR1(3), CSF1R(2), GP1BA(1), GP5(1), IL5RA(1), ITGA1(1), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGAM(3), TPO(6)385036302330155163240.110.60
116PAR1PATHWAYActivated extracellular thrombin cleaves and activates the G-protein coupled receptors PAR1 and PAR4, which activate platelets.18PPP1R12B(2), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2)520916662230010.110.60
117HSA04730_LONG_TERM_ DEPRESSIONGenes involved in long-term depression68ARAF(1), CACNA1A(1), GNA11(1), GNAS(3), GRIA1(3), GUCY2C(3), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), LYN(1), NOS3(1), PLA2G4A(3), PLCB4(3), PPP2R2A(2), PRKCA(2)358837302130108107320.110.60
118NICOTINATE_AND_NICOTINAMIDE_ METABOLISM13ENPP3(2), NNMT(1), NNT(1), NT5E(1)561595552202100.120.60
119STEROID_BIOSYNTHESIS9HSD17B4(2)192362220100100.120.60
120ST_GRANULE_CELL_ SURVIVAL_PATHWAYThe survival and differentiation of granule cells in the brain is controlled by pro-growth PACAP and pro-apoptotic ceramides.25APC(4), CREB1(1), EPHB2(1), MAP2K4(1), MAPK8IP1(1)908068781131210.120.60
121VALINE_LEUCINE_AND_ ISOLEUCINE_BIOSYNTHESIS7LARS(4), LARS2(1)438675551121100.120.60
122LDLPATHWAYLow density lipoproteins (LDL) are present in blood plasma, contain cholesterol and triglycerides, and contribute to atherogenic plaque formation.6LDLR(2)103362221020000.120.62
123HSA03030_DNA_POLYMERASEGenes involved in DNA polymerase23POLA2(1), POLD1(2), REV3L(3)747066661021120.130.62
124IL7PATHWAYIL-7 is required for B and T cell development and proliferation and may contribute to activation of VDJ recombination.16CREBBP(2), JAK1(1), PTK2B(2), STAT5B(1)624526661130110.130.62
125TOLLPATHWAYToll-like receptors are activated by bacterial lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and other surface molecules, and activate pro-inflammatory factors such as NF-kB.32CHUK(2), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), TLR9(3), TOLLIP(1)1737368780111140.130.62
126SIG_REGULATION_OF_ THE_ACTIN_CYTOSKELETON_ BY_RHO_GTPASESGenes related to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton34ACTG2(2), FLNA(1), MYLK(4), RHO(1), WASF1(2), WASL(2)2129421211122151410.130.62
127HSA00350_TYROSINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in tyrosine metabolism56ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), TAT(1), TPO(6)1997781716176481220.130.63
128PKCPATHWAYGq-coupled receptors promote hydrolysis of PIP2 to DAG and IP3, which causes calcium influx and activates protein kinase C.5PRKCA(2)162162221200000.130.63
129HSA00280_VALINE_ LEUCINE_AND_ISOLEUCINE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation43ALDH3A1(1), BCAT2(2), DBT(1), EHHADH(1), HADHB(3), HSD17B4(2), MCCC2(2)1270521212122344100.130.63
130HSA01040_POLYUNSATURATED_ FATTY_ACID_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis13HSD17B12(1)24571110010000.130.63
131CARM1PATHWAYThe methyltransferase CARM1 interacts with transcription factors such as CBP/p300 and methylates histones H3 and H4.13CREB1(1), CREBBP(2)386233331010110.130.63
132HSA00740_RIBOFLAVIN_ METABOLISMGenes involved in riboflavin metabolism16ACP5(2), ACP6(1), ACPP(1), ENPP3(2)565086660330000.130.63
133HSA00052_GALACTOSE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in galactose metabolism32GCK(2), HK1(1), MGAM(6), PFKP(1)1386381010104241300.140.63
134RNAPATHWAYdsRNA-activated protein kinase phosphorylates elF2a, which generally inhibits translation, and activates NF-kB to provoke inflammation.9CHUK(2)371952220000020.140.63
135CREMPATHWAYThe transcription factor CREM activates a post-meiotic transcriptional cascade culminating in spermatogenesis.7CREM(1), GNAS(3)301694442112000.140.63
136PYRUVATE_METABOLISM36ACACA(2), ALDH3A1(1), DLAT(1), GRHPR(1), HAGH(1), LDHC(1), PC(1)1360908884115100.140.63
137FXRPATHWAYThe nuclear receptor transcription factors FXR and LXR are activated by cholesterol metabolites and regulate cholesterol homeostasis.6LDLR(2), NR1H3(2)342124442040000.140.63
138PLCPATHWAYPhospholipase C hydrolyzes the membrane lipid PIP2 to DAG, which activates protein kinase C, and IP3, which causes calcium influx.6PRKCA(2)169552222200000.140.63
139ST_INTEGRIN_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYIntegrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell growth, survival, and migration by binding to ligands in the extracellular matrix.76ARHGEF6(4), DOCK1(4), EPHB2(1), GRLF1(3), ITGA1(1), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGA7(1), ITGA8(6), MAP2K4(1), MAPK8IP1(1), MYLK(4), PTK2(2), RHO(1), SOS1(3), TLN1(3), TLN2(3)5500664231421211177160.150.63
140D4GDIPATHWAYD4-GDI inhibits the pro-apoptotic Rho GTPases and is cleaved by caspase-3.12CASP10(2)242402220001100.150.63
141HSA00360_PHENYLALANINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in phenylalanine metabolism27ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), TAT(1), TPO(6)1198031111116251210.150.63
142SIG_BCR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYMembers of the BCR signaling pathway45BCR(1), BLNK(1), BTK(4), CD22(2), INPP5D(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), LYN(1), PPP3CC(1), PTPRC(6), SOS1(3)32890226212675105150.150.63
1431_2_DICHLOROETHANE_ DEGRADATION8ALDH3A1(1)64131111001000.150.63
144ASCORBATE_AND_ALDARATE_ METABOLISM8ALDH3A1(1)64131111001000.150.63
145HSA00053_ASCORBATE_ AND_ALDARATE_METABOLISMGenes involved in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism9ALDH3A1(1)64131111001000.150.63
146HSA04020_CALCIUM_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in calcium signaling pathway159ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY8(7), ATP2A3(1), ATP2B1(1), ATP2B2(4), ATP2B4(1), CACNA1A(1), CACNA1D(6), CACNA1F(2), CACNA1G(4), CACNA1H(1), CACNA1I(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CAMK4(3), GNA11(1), GNAS(3), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), MYLK(4), NOS3(1), PDE1A(1), PDE1B(1), PDGFRB(3), PLCB4(3), PLCD1(1), PLCD4(2), PLCE1(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2), SLC8A2(1), SLC8A3(4)113745177517725252716360.150.63
147HSA04920_ADIPOCYTOKINE_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in adipocytokine signaling pathway71ACACB(4), ACSL3(1), ACSL5(1), ADIPOR1(1), CAMKK1(1), CD36(1), CHUK(2), IRS4(7), JAK1(1), JAK2(1), LEPR(1), PRKAG2(1), TNFRSF1B(1)3604762321234672440.160.66
148ACE_INHIBITOR_PATHWAY_ PHARMGKB8NOS3(1), REN(1)244802221100100.160.66
149HSA00670_ONE_CARBON_ POOL_BY_FOLATEGenes involved in one carbon pool by folate16ALDH1L1(2), MTHFD1L(1)255093334110010.160.66
150ONE_CARBON_POOL_ BY_FOLATE15ALDH1L1(2), MTHFD1L(1)255093334110010.160.66
151CDC42RACPATHWAYPI3 kinase stimulates cell migration by activating cdc42, which activates ARP2/3, which in turn promotes formation of new actin fibers.14WASL(2)325122220000110.160.66
152NTHIPATHWAYHemophilus influenzae infections activate NF-kB via several pathways, inducing the inflammatory response.22CHUK(2), CREBBP(2), MAP2K6(1)1022725551020030.170.69
153HSA00640_PROPANOATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in propanoate metabolism33ACACA(2), ACACB(4), ACSS1(1), ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1), LDHC(1)1481711010106224200.170.70
154HSA00760_NICOTINATE_ AND_NICOTINAMIDE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism22ENPP3(2), NNMT(1), NNT(1), NT5E(1)631015552202100.180.72
155FRUCTOSE_AND_MANNOSE_ METABOLISM25GCK(2), GMPPA(4), HK1(1), PFKP(1)1548588783032300.180.72
156SPPAPATHWAYThrombin cleaves protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR4 to induce calcium influx and activate platelet aggregation, a process inhibited by aspirin.20ITGA1(1), PLA2G4A(3), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2)792598684322010.180.73
157ERK5PATHWAYSignaling between a tissue and its innervating axon stimulates retrograde transport via Trk receptors, which activate Erk5, which induces transcription of anti-apoptotic factors.17CREB1(1), NTRK1(4)824325542020120.190.73
158INTRINSICPATHWAYThe intrinsic prothrombin activation pathway is activated by traumatized blood vessels and induces clot formation.21COL4A1(2), COL4A3(1), COL4A4(5), F5(4)13205012101212442020.190.73
159IL22BPPATHWAYIL-22 is produced by T cells and induces the acute phase inflammatory response in hepatocytes.13IL10RA(1), JAK1(1), JAK2(1), STAT1(2), STAT5B(1)686986661220110.190.73
160P27PATHWAYp27 blocks the G1/S transition by inhibiting the checkpoint kinase cdk2/cyclin E and is inhibited by cdk2-mediated ubiquitination.12SKP2(2)234002220010100.190.73
161SKP2E2FPATHWAYE2F-1, a transcription factor that promotes the G1/S transition, is repressed by Rb and activated by cdk2/cyclin E.9SKP2(2)234002220010100.190.73
162ERBB4PATHWAYErbB4 (aka HER4) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds neuregulins as well as members of the EGF family, which also target EGF receptors.6ADAM17(2), PRKCA(2)345354443211000.190.73
163ST_DIFFERENTIATION_ PATHWAY_IN_PC12_ CELLSRat-derived PC12 cells respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) and PACAP to differentiate into neuronal cells.41CREB1(1), CREBBP(2), MAP1B(4), MAP2K4(1), MAPK8IP1(1), NTRK1(4), OPN1LW(1)2191561412135450140.190.73
164ST_B_CELL_ANTIGEN_ RECEPTORB cell receptors bind antigens and promote B cell activation.39BCR(1), BLNK(1), BTK(4), EPHB2(1), LYN(1), NFAT5(2), SOS1(3)2095461313132146020.200.73
16541BBPATHWAYTNF-type receptor 4-1BB is bound by TRAF1 to activate the MAP kinase pathway in activated T cells.18CHUK(2)505462220000020.200.73
166HSA00534_HEPARAN_ SULFATE_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis19EXT2(1), EXTL1(1), NDST2(2)366194441220000.200.74
167TNFR1PATHWAYTumor necrosis factor alpha binds to its receptor TNFR1 and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis.27LMNB1(1), MADD(4), MAP2K4(1), SPTAN1(3)2571129991102330.200.74
168ST_GA12_PATHWAYG-alpha-12 promotes cell survival and proliferation, is involved in the stress response, and activates JNK.22BTK(4), EPHB2(1), F2RL2(3), PTK2(2)1198641010102143020.200.74
169HSA04630_JAK_STAT_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in Jak-STAT signaling pathway152CREBBP(2), IFNA16(2), IL10RA(1), IL12RB2(2), IL19(1), IL21R(2), IL28B(1), IL5RA(1), JAK1(1), JAK2(1), LEPR(1), PIAS1(1), PIK3R5(2), SOS1(3), STAT1(2), STAT2(2), STAT5B(1), TPO(6), TSLP(1)467142332533118124450.200.74
170EPHA4PATHWAYEph Kinases and ephrins support platelet aggregation9ITGA1(1), LYN(1)243382222001010.210.75
171HSA00030_PENTOSE_ PHOSPHATE_PATHWAYGenes involved in pentose phosphate pathway26GPI(2), PFKP(1), PGD(1), TKTL1(3)1130307774022210.210.75
172RASPATHWAYRas activation stimulates many signaling cascades, including PI3K/AKT activation to inhibit apoptosis.21CHUK(2)491522221000020.210.76
173ST_IL_13_PATHWAYLike IL-4, IL-13 is produced by Th2 cells on activation of the T cell antigen receptor, and by mast and basophil cells on activation of the IgE receptor.7JAK1(1), JAK2(1)264582220010100.210.76
174ST_INTERLEUKIN_13_ PATHWAYIL-13 is produced by Th2 cells on activation of the T cell antigen receptor, and by mast and basophil cells on activation of the IgE receptor.7JAK1(1), JAK2(1)264582220010100.210.76
175HSA04012_ERBB_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in ErbB signaling pathway82ARAF(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), MAP2K4(1), PIK3R5(2), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)2731441714176834020.220.77
176SIG_IL4RECEPTOR_ IN_B_LYPHOCYTESGenes related to IL4 rceptor signaling in B lymphocytes27JAK1(1), SOS1(3)580064442102100.220.78
177HSA04512_ECM_RECEPTOR_ INTERACTIONGenes involved in ECM-receptor interaction78AGRN(1), CD36(1), COL11A2(2), COL4A1(2), COL4A4(5), COL5A3(5), FNDC3A(2), GP1BA(1), GP5(1), HSPG2(5), ITGA1(1), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGA7(1), ITGA8(6), ITGB4(1), LAMA5(3), LAMB1(4), LAMB2(8), LAMB3(3), LAMC3(3), TNXB(5)9714356440641813335760.220.78
178AKAPCENTROSOMEPATHWAYProtein Kinase A at the Centrosome9PRKCE(1)99211110001000.230.79
179APOPTOSIS_KEGG48CASP10(2), NTRK1(4), PTPN13(3), SFRS2IP(1), TNFRSF1B(1)128774119103341120.230.79
180G1PATHWAYCDK4/6-cyclin D and CDK2-cyclin E phosphorylate Rb, which allows the transcription of genes needed for the G1/S cell cycle transition.24CDK4(1), CDK6(1), SKP2(2)461884440120100.230.79
181TCRPATHWAYT cell receptors bind to foreign peptides presented by MHC molecules and induce T cell activation.42LAT(1), MAP2K4(1), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), RASA1(1), SOS1(3)1626631110115504110.240.80
182PMLPATHWAYRing-shaped PML nuclear bodies regulate transcription and are required co-activators in p53- and DAXX-mediated apoptosis.13CREBBP(2), PML(1), SP100(2), TNFRSF1B(1)750156661113010.240.80
183HSA04650_NATURAL_ KILLER_CELL_MEDIATED_ CYTOTOXICITYGenes involved in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity124ARAF(1), HCST(1), IFNA16(2), ITGAL(6), LAT(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PIK3R5(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)39128125192551165210.240.81
184IL4PATHWAYIL-4 promotes Th2 cell differentiation via a heterodimeric receptor that activates Stat6/JAK and MAP kinase pathways.11JAK1(1)198051110000100.250.84
185DNA_POLYMERASE6POLD1(2)356552220001010.260.85
186HSA00361_GAMMA_HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation23ACP5(2), ACP6(1), ACPP(1), ALPP(1), CYP3A7(3)984568781250010.260.86
187SPRYPATHWAYFour members of the Sprouty protein family block proliferative EGF signals by binding Grb-2, preventing Ras and MAP kinase activation.16RASA1(1), SOS1(3)566134443103000.260.86
188IL2PATHWAYIL-2 promotes proliferation via JAK and MAP kinase and has surface receptors on activated B cells, LPS-treated monocytes, and many T cells.22JAK1(1), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)731255552202100.260.86
189SRCRPTPPATHWAYActivation of Src by Protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha9PRKCA(2)259462221200000.270.86
190SIG_PIP3_SIGNALING_ IN_CARDIAC_MYOCTESGenes related to PIP3 signaling in cardiac myocytes63CREB1(1), F2RL2(3), IFI27(1), IRS4(7), MET(2), NOLC1(1), PARD3(1), PTK2(2), RPS6KA2(1), SOS1(3)3429702219225568210.270.86
191TSP1PATHWAYThrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) inhibits angiogenesis by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis in microvascular endothelial cells.7CD36(1)52361110010000.270.86
192EXTRINSICPATHWAYThe extrinsic prothrombin activation pathway requires the release of thromboplastin from damaged tissues to activate the blood clotting cascade.13F5(4)369414444121000.270.86
193GLYCEROLIPID_METABOLISM44ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), DGAT1(2), PNLIPRP1(3), PNLIPRP2(3)2143411513155471030.270.86
194TALL1PATHWAYAPRIL and BAFF bind to BCMA and TACI receptors on B cell surfaces, promoting immunoglobulin production and cell proliferation.15CHUK(2)658652220000020.270.87
195VIPPATHWAYApoptosis of activated T cells is inhibited by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its relative PACAP.27CHUK(2), PPP3CC(1)679183330100020.280.87
196GAMMA_HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE_ DEGRADATION30ACP5(2), ACPP(1), ALPP(1), CYP2A13(2), CYP2C19(1), CYP2E1(1), CYP3A7(3)1685711110112280010.280.87
197PENTOSE_PHOSPHATE_ PATHWAY23GPI(2), PFKP(1), PGD(1)973504444020200.280.87
198S1PPATHWAYAt low cholesterol concentrations, sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) act as transcription factors to promote cholesterol uptake and biosynthesis.7LDLR(2)166382221020000.280.88
199HSA00565_ETHER_LIPID_ METABOLISMGenes involved in ether lipid metabolism30AGPS(1), ENPP2(2), PLA2G4A(3)617626563132000.290.89
200HSA04662_B_CELL_ RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in B cell receptor signaling pathway62BLNK(1), BTK(4), CD22(2), CHUK(2), INPP5D(1), LYN(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PIK3R5(2), PPP3CC(1), RASGRP3(1)3480811915195355150.300.91
201HSA00401_NOVOBIOCIN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in novobiocin biosynthesis3TAT(1)94281111100000.300.91
202RAC1PATHWAYRac-1 is a Rho family G protein that stimulates formation of actin-dependent structures such as filopodia and lamellopodia.22MYLK(4), PPP1R12B(2), TRIO(2), WASF1(2)164348108104141220.300.91
203FATTY_ACID_BIOSYNTHESIS_ PATH_29EHHADH(1), HADHB(3)400574440211000.300.91
204HSA04620_TOLL_LIKE_ RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway100CHUK(2), IFNA16(2), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), PIK3R5(2), STAT1(2), TLR9(3), TOLLIP(1)2547631412144441140.300.92
205HSP27PATHWAYHsp27 oligomers have molecular chaperone activity and protect heat-stressed cells against apoptosis.15MAPKAPK2(1)98101110100000.310.92
206HSA00650_BUTANOATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in butanoate metabolism45AACS(1), ACSM1(1), ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1), HSD17B4(2)827896663212100.310.92
207MALATEXPATHWAYThe tricarboxylate transfer pathway shuttles acetyl groups of acetyl-CoA between mitochondria and the cytoplasm.8ACLY(2), PC(1)753473321003000.310.92
208SIG_INSULIN_RECEPTOR_ PATHWAY_IN_CARDIAC_ MYOCYTESGenes related to the insulin receptor pathway49BRD4(3), F2RL2(3), IRS4(7), PARD3(1), RPS6KA2(1), SORBS1(3), SOS1(3)3168342118215557220.310.92
209BIOGENIC_AMINE_SYNTHESIS15DDC(2)272282220010010.310.92
210P53HYPOXIAPATHWAYHypoxia induces p53 accumulation and consequent apoptosis with p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, which is present under conditions of DNA damage.18ABCB1(3)384103332101010.310.92
211KERATINOCYTEPATHWAYKeratinocyte differentiation, which models the differentiation of epidermal cells, requires the four main MAP kinase pathways.42CHUK(2), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), TNFRSF1B(1)1627378882311030.320.93
212CCR3PATHWAYCCR3 is a G-protein coupled receptor that recruits eosinophils to inflammation sites via chemokine ligands.20GNAS(3), PPP1R12B(2), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2)1166679995323010.320.93
213LEPTINPATHWAYLeptin is a peptide secreted by adipose tissue that, in skeletal muscle, promotes fatty acid oxidation, decreases cells' lipid content, and promotes insulin sensitivity.10ACACA(2), LEPR(1), PRKAG2(1)513574442111100.320.93
214CD40PATHWAYThe CD40 receptor is a TNF-type receptor that regulates immunoglobulin expression in B cells and moderates T cell activation via T-cell expression of its ligand.13CHUK(2)793002220000020.330.95
215BUTANOATE_METABOLISM27AACS(1), ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1)399333332012000.330.95
216MEF2DPATHWAYMef2 transcription factors promote calcium-induced apoptosis in T cells and are regulated by MAP kinases and histone deacetylases.18CABIN1(2), HDAC2(1), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2)1080456561401010.340.96
217HSA00512_O_GLYCAN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in O-glycan biosynthesis29GALNT7(1), GALNT8(1), GALNTL2(2), OGT(2)1317456664121200.340.98
218HSA04740_OLFACTORY_ TRANSDUCTIONGenes involved in olfactory transduction30ADCY3(1), ADRBK2(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CLCA4(3), CNGB1(1)128815119112442010.351.00
219SA_CASPASE_CASCADEApoptosis is mediated by caspases, cysteine proteases arranged in a proteolytic cascade.15CASP10(2)473422220001100.351.00
220HSA00051_FRUCTOSE_ AND_MANNOSE_METABOLISMGenes involved in fructose and mannose metabolism40GMPPA(4), HK1(1), PFKP(1)1328216662022200.361.00
221HSA00130_UBIQUINONE_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis8COQ3(1)185981110000010.361.00
222HSA04150_MTOR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in mTOR signaling pathway43EIF4B(2), PIK3R5(2), RICTOR(3), RPS6KA2(1), ULK2(2)114209108102342010.361.00
223PTENPATHWAYPTEN suppresses AKT-induced cell proliferation and antagonizes the action of PI3K.16PTK2(2), SOS1(3)694115552113000.361.00
224HSA05130_PATHOGENIC_ ESCHERICHIA_COLI_ INFECTION_EHECGenes involved in pathogenic Escherichia coli infection - EHEC51CDH1(1), PRKCA(2), TUBA4A(1), TUBB4(1), WASL(2)1614687773500110.371.00
225HSA05131_PATHOGENIC_ ESCHERICHIA_COLI_ INFECTION_EPECGenes involved in pathogenic Escherichia coli infection - EPEC51CDH1(1), PRKCA(2), TUBA4A(1), TUBB4(1), WASL(2)1614687773500110.371.00
226APOPTOSIS68BIRC5(1), CASP10(2), CHUK(2), MAP2K4(1), TNFRSF1B(1)1846147670102130.371.00
227STRESSPATHWAYTumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR1 promotes apoptosis and activates the pro-inflammatory NF-kB, while TNFR2 activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs).25CHUK(2), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1)1638534440010030.371.00
228HSA04010_MAPK_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in MAPK signaling pathway243ACVR1C(1), CACNA1A(1), CACNA1D(6), CACNA1F(2), CACNA1G(4), CACNA1H(1), CACNA1I(1), CACNB2(1), CHUK(2), DDIT3(1), FLNA(1), FLNB(1), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), MAP3K12(1), MAP4K3(1), MAPK8IP1(1), MAPKAPK2(1), NF1(7), NTRK1(4), PDGFRB(3), PLA2G4A(3), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), RASA1(1), RASA2(2), RASGRF2(4), RASGRP3(1), RPS6KA2(1), RPS6KA4(1), SOS1(3), TAOK2(6), ZAK(2)1340730694567221720154130.381.00
229CIRCADIANPATHWAYA heterodimer composed of Bmal1 and Clock acts as a transcription factor for proteins that regulate circadian rhythms, such as Per and Cry.6PER1(1)165341110001000.381.00
230HSA04514_CELL_ADHESION_ MOLECULESGenes involved in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)127CD22(2), CDH1(1), CDH5(1), CNTN1(6), ITGA8(6), ITGAL(6), ITGAM(3), MAG(2), NLGN2(1), NRCAM(6), PTPRC(6), PTPRF(2), SELE(3)6935954532451913175460.381.00
231GLEEVECPATHWAYThe drug Gleevec specifically targets the abnormal bcr-abl protein, an apoptosis inhibitor present in chronic myeloid leukemia.22BCR(1), JAK2(1), MAP2K4(1), SOS1(3), STAT1(2), STAT5B(1)1030879893332010.381.00
232ETSPATHWAYThe Ets transcription factors are activated by Ras and promote macrophage differentiation.18CSF1R(2), DDX20(1), HDAC2(1), HDAC5(1), NCOR2(3), RBL1(1)1372549995412110.381.00
233HSA04660_T_CELL_ RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway92CDK4(1), CHUK(2), GRAP2(1), LAT(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PIK3R5(2), PPP3CC(1), PTPRC(6), SOS1(3)2854902118215665130.381.00
234TNFR2PATHWAYTumor necrosis factor beta, produced by activated lymphocytes, binds to its receptor TNFR2 to induce activation in immune cells and apoptosis in many other cells.18CHUK(2), TNFRSF1B(1)891403330100020.391.00
235HSA00770_PANTOTHENATE_ AND_COA_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis16BCAT2(2), DPYS(3), ENPP3(2), PANK3(1), PANK4(1)1174429992341100.391.00
236ACETAMINOPHENPATHWAYAcetaminophen selectively inhibits Cox-3, which is localized to the brain, and yields the toxic metabolite NAPQI when processed by CAR in the liver.5CYP2E1(1)83981111010000.391.00
237ST_T_CELL_SIGNAL_ TRANSDUCTIONOn activation of the T cell receptor, phospholipase C is activated to produce second messengers DAG and PIP3, both required for T cell activation.44EPHB2(1), GRAP2(1), LAT(1), NFAT5(2), PTPRC(6), RASGRP3(1), SOS1(3)2049131514154554010.391.00
238CHOLESTEROL_BIOSYNTHESIS15HMGCR(1)165161110001000.401.00
239PLCEPATHWAYGs-coupled receptors activate adenylyl cyclase, which activates Epac1, leading to the stimulation of PLC and subsequent DAG and IP3 production.12GNAS(3), PLCE1(2)748195553202010.401.00
240NOTCHPATHWAYProteolysis and Signaling Pathway of Notch5ADAM17(2), NOTCH1(2)594574442112000.411.00
241PPARGPATHWAYPPAR-gamma is a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by fatty acids and regulates transcription through co-activations like Src-1 and Tif2.7CREBBP(2)335272221010010.411.00
242HSA00561_GLYCEROLIPID_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glycerolipid metabolism54ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), DGAT1(2), GPAM(1), PNLIPRP1(3), PNLIPRP2(3)2438501614165472030.421.00
243VALINE_LEUCINE_AND_ ISOLEUCINE_DEGRADATION36ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1), HADHB(3), MCCC2(2)810307772232000.421.00
244ST_G_ALPHA_S_PATHWAYThe G-alpha-s protein activates adenylyl cyclases, which catalyze cAMP formation.11BFAR(1), CREB1(1)419362220010100.421.00
245BIOSYNTHESIS_OF_ STEROIDS14HMGCR(1)175961110001000.421.00
246CARBON_FIXATION21PGK1(2)405742220100010.421.00
247PROPANOATE_METABOLISM31ACACA(2), ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1), LDHC(1)1140915555013100.431.00
248HSA05110_CHOLERA_ INFECTIONGenes involved in cholera - infection41ACTG2(2), ADCY3(1), ARF5(1), ATP6V1H(1), GNAS(3), PRKCA(2), SEC61A1(1)1590801111113423020.431.00
249CASPASEPATHWAYCaspases are cysteine proteases active in apoptosis; caspase-8 and 9 cleave and activate other caspases, while 3, 6, and 7 cleave cellular targets.21CASP10(2), LMNB1(1)840493230001110.441.00
250HSA00902_MONOTERPENOID_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in monoterpenoid biosynthesis2CYP2C19(1)98401110010000.441.00
251PITX2PATHWAYThe bicoid-related transcription factor Pitx2 is activated by Wnt binding to the Frizzled receptor and induces tissue-specific cell proliferation.14APC(4), AXIN1(1), CREBBP(2), DVL1(1)1161228882141110.441.00
252DNA_REPLICATION_ REACTOME42MCM2(1), ORC2L(1), ORC3L(2), POLA2(1), POLD1(2)1090177670123010.451.00
253HSA04060_CYTOKINE_ CYTOKINE_RECEPTOR_ INTERACTIONGenes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction250CSF1R(2), CXCR3(1), IFNA16(2), IL10RA(1), IL12RB2(2), IL18RAP(2), IL19(1), IL21R(2), IL28B(1), IL5RA(1), INHBC(1), LEPR(1), LTB(1), MET(2), PDGFRB(3), PLEKHO2(1), TNFRSF1B(1), TPO(6), TSLP(1), XCL1(1)642627332833167106550.461.00
254NGFPATHWAYNerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates neural survival and proliferation via the TrkA and p75 receptors, which induce DAG and IP3 production and activate Ras.18SOS1(3)490003332102000.461.00
255ST_FAS_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYThe Fas receptor induces apoptosis and NF-kB activation when bound to Fas ligand.58BFAR(1), BTK(4), CAD(3), CASP10(2), EPHB2(1), FAIM2(1), MAP2K4(1), MAPK8IP1(1), MET(2), NFAT5(2), PTPN13(3), TPX2(1)3458912221225567130.471.00
256SA_B_CELL_RECEPTOR_ COMPLEXESAntigen binding to B cell receptors activates protein tyrosine kinases, such as the Src family, which ultimate activate MAP kinases.24BCR(1), BLNK(1), LYN(1), SOS1(3)1300116664114000.471.00
257CACAMPATHWAYCalcium functions as a second messenger activating the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases, which phosphorylate targets such as CREB.14CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CAMK4(3), CAMKK1(1), CREB1(1)134245109101341110.471.00
258PS1PATHWAYPresenilin is required for gamma-secretase activity to activate Notch signaling; presenilin also inhibits beta-catenin in the Wnt/Frizzled pathway.12ADAM17(2), APC(4), AXIN1(1), DVL1(1), NOTCH1(2)142052109103243100.471.00
259IGF1RPATHWAYInsulin-like growth factor receptor IGF-1R promotes cell growth and inhibits apoptosis on binding of ligands IGF-1 and 2 via Ras activation and the AKT pathway.15SOS1(3)518723332102000.481.00
260GPCRDB_CLASS_B_SECRETIN_ LIKE17EMR2(1), GPR64(2)468593332030000.481.00
261WNT_SIGNALINGWnt signaling genes59APC(4), AXIN1(1), DVL1(1), DVL3(3), FZD2(1), LDLR(2), PPP2R5C(1), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), WNT7A(3)2531001916193493120.481.00
262MITOCHONDRIAL_FATTY_ ACID_BETAOXIDATION15ACSL3(1), EHHADH(1)386592220010010.491.00
263SHHPATHWAYSonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the developing CNS induces neuronal proliferation via interaction with the patched (Ptc-1) and smoothened receptors.14DYRK1A(1)324481110000010.491.00
264HSA04910_INSULIN_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in insulin signaling pathway129ACACA(2), ACACB(4), ARAF(1), GCK(2), GYS2(2), INPP5D(1), INSR(1), IRS4(7), LIPE(1), PFKP(1), PIK3R5(2), PRKAG2(1), PTPRF(2), SORBS1(3), SOS1(3)727514332633148108610.491.00
265FOSBPATHWAYFOSB gene expression and drug abuse5FOSB(1)230671110100000.491.00
266EDG1PATHWAYThe lipid S1P is an EDG1 ligand promoting chemotaxis via Rac1 and cell survival and proliferation via ERK activation.21PRKCA(2), PTK2(2)559344442211000.491.00
267P38MAPKPATHWAYThe Rho family GTPases activate the p38 MAPKs under environmental stress or in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines.39CREB1(1), DDIT3(1), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), MAPKAPK2(1), PLA2G4A(3), STAT1(2)149462109102431110.501.00
268DEATHPATHWAYDeath receptors such as Fas and DR3, 4, and 5 transduce pro-apoptotic signaling by oligomerizing to activate the caspase cascade.32CASP10(2), CHUK(2), SPTAN1(3)1762607671103120.501.00
269HSA04080_NEUROACTIVE_ LIGAND_RECEPTOR_ INTERACTIONGenes involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction234AVPR2(1), CTSG(1), F2RL2(3), GABBR2(4), GABRA3(2), GABRG3(2), GABRP(1), GABRR1(2), GPR156(3), GRIA1(3), GRIK5(1), GRM2(2), LEPR(1), LTB4R(1), NPY1R(1), NTSR2(1), PARD3(1), PRSS1(2), PTH2R(4), RXFP1(3), THRB(1), TRPV1(1)6594354129411891910300.501.00
270HSA00624_1_AND_2_ METHYLNAPHTHALENE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene degradation22ADH1B(4), ADH6(2)900966662230010.511.00
271TGFBPATHWAYThe TGF-beta receptor responds to ligand binding by activating the SMAD family of transcriptional regulations, commonly blocking cell growth.13APC(4), CDH1(1), CREBBP(2)1118817772131110.511.00
272GLUCOCORTICOID_MINERALOCORTICOID_ METABOLISM8CYP11B2(2)234662224020000.511.00
273GLYCINE_SERINE_AND_ THREONINE_METABOLISM36AOC2(1), GARS(1), GCAT(2), GLDC(4), PSPH(1), SARDH(1)154033108102341020.521.00
274HSA00232_CAFFEINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in caffeine metabolism7CYP2A13(2)269512220020000.531.00
275AT1RPATHWAYBinding of angiotensin II to AT1-R activates Ca2+ signaling and the JNK pathway.32MAP2K4(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)1312321010103333010.531.00
276CDMACPATHWAYCadmium 2+ promotes cell proliferation in cultured macrophages by entering the cell via calcium channels and activating the MAP kinase pathway.14PRKCA(2)455372222200000.531.00
277G_PROTEIN_SIGNALING89ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), AKAP11(2), GNA11(1), ITPR1(2), PDE1A(1), PDE1B(1), PDE4C(2), PDE7B(1), PDE8A(1), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), PRKD3(1)447621292129109107120.531.00
278ALKPATHWAYActivin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3) is required during gestation for cardiac muscle development.32APC(4), AXIN1(1), DVL1(1)896756661131100.531.00
279FOLATE_BIOSYNTHESIS9ALPP(1), GGH(2)351603231111000.531.00
280NUCLEOTIDE_METABOLISM14POLD1(2), RRM1(1)842383330002010.541.00
281CIRCADIAN_EXERCISE40PER1(1), ZFR(2)725583331011100.541.00
282STAT3PATHWAYThe STAT transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by JAK kinases in response to cytokine signaling.7JAK1(1), JAK2(1)520592221010100.541.00
283SA_REG_CASCADE_OF_ CYCLIN_EXPRExpression of cyclins regulates progression through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.13CDK4(1)132811110010000.551.00
284EGFR_SMRTEPATHWAYEGF receptor activation inhibits SMRT, a transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with transcription factor complexes and gene silencers.9NCOR2(3), THRB(1)895454441210100.551.00
285FEEDERPATHWAYSugars such as mannose, galactose, and fructose are enzymatically converted to glucose via feeder pathways that lead to glycolysis.9HK1(1), TREH(1)510752122010100.551.00
286MTORPATHWAYMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses mitogenic factors and nutrients, including ATP, and induces cell proliferation.21EIF4B(2), EIF4G3(4)815096560222000.551.00
287HSA04310_WNT_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in Wnt signaling pathway145APC(4), APC2(1), AXIN1(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CHD8(3), CREBBP(2), CTBP2(1), DVL1(1), DVL3(3), FZD2(1), LRP5(2), LRP6(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PLCB4(3), PPP2R2A(2), PPP3CC(1), PRKCA(2), SENP2(1), WNT7A(3)712824413041510147370.561.00
288HSA04340_HEDGEHOG_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in Hedgehog signaling pathway55CSNK1G1(1), LRP2(3), STK36(2), WNT7A(3)1610479891161100.561.00
289SA_PTEN_PATHWAYPTEN is a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates the lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol triphosphate.16PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)689315552122000.561.00
290HSA04210_APOPTOSISGenes involved in apoptosis81CASP10(2), CHUK(2), IRAK2(2), IRAK3(2), NTRK1(4), PIK3R5(2), PPP3CC(1)3400021513143271140.561.00
291SELENOAMINO_ACID_ METABOLISM12MARS(1), PAPSS2(1)260752221020000.561.00
292HSA00020_CITRATE_ CYCLEGenes involved in citrate cycle (TCA cycle)26ACLY(2), IDH3B(1), OGDH(1), PC(1)1723835541014000.571.00
293IGF1PATHWAYGrowth factor IGF-1 stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis by activating the MAP kinase pathway in a variety of cell types.20RASA1(1), SOS1(3)978294443103000.571.00
294HISTONE_METHYLTRANSFERASEGenes with HMT activity57ASH1L(3), DOT1L(1), MLL(2), MLL4(2), OGT(2), SETD1A(1), SETD2(4), WHSC1L1(4)4772561917197543430.571.00
295NO1PATHWAYShear stress in endothelial cells increases cytoplasmic calcium, which activates nitric oxide synthase III to release NO, which in turn regulates cardiac contractions.26CHRNA1(3), NOS3(1), SLC7A1(1)1716765450200210.571.00
296HSA00500_STARCH_ AND_SUCROSE_METABOLISMGenes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism82AGL(3), DDX4(1), DDX54(1), ENPP3(2), GCK(2), GPI(2), GYS2(2), HK1(1), MGAM(6), RUVBL2(1), SETX(1), SKIV2L2(2), TREH(1), UGT2B15(1)52480726222677121420.571.00
297IL3PATHWAYIL-3 promotes proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells via a heterodimeric receptor that activates the Stat5 and MAP kinase pathways.15JAK2(1), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)896545552212000.581.00
298LIMONENE_AND_PINENE_ DEGRADATION12ALDH3A1(1), EHHADH(1)330932221011000.581.00
299CYSTEINE_METABOLISM8LDHC(1)251981113001000.581.00
300HSA00272_CYSTEINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in cysteine metabolism17LDHC(1)251981113001000.581.00
301HSA04510_FOCAL_ADHESIONGenes involved in focal adhesion181ACTN3(2), COL11A2(2), COL4A1(2), COL4A4(5), COL5A3(5), DOCK1(4), FLNA(1), FLNB(1), GRLF1(3), ITGA1(1), ITGA2(3), ITGA5(1), ITGA7(1), ITGA8(6), ITGB4(1), LAMA5(3), LAMB1(4), LAMB2(8), LAMB3(3), LAMC3(3), MET(2), MYL7(1), MYLK(4), PDGFRB(3), PIK3R5(2), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), SOS1(3), TLN1(3), TLN2(3), TNXB(5)149646589518927253811690.581.00
302AMINOACYL_TRNA_BIOSYNTHESIS21GARS(1), HARS(1), LARS(4), LARS2(1), MARS(1), WARS(1)1548609894152100.581.00
303NFKBPATHWAYInactive nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) is inhibited by the IkB family in the cytoplasm; active NF-kB is localized in the nucleus and regulates transcription of a variety of genes.22CHUK(2), TNFRSF1B(1)1327513330100020.591.00
304HSA00310_LYSINE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in lysine degradation47ALDH3A1(1), DOT1L(1), EHHADH(1), GCDH(1), HSD17B4(2), OGDH(1), SETD1A(1)2005878882321200.591.00
305PYK2PATHWAYPyk2 and Rac1 stimulate the JNK cascade and activate MKK3, which activates p38.28MAP2K4(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2B(2), SOS1(3)1102328883322010.591.00
306HSA03060_PROTEIN_ EXPORTGenes involved in protein export8OXA1L(1)152401110010000.591.00
307HSA00100_BIOSYNTHESIS_ OF_STEROIDSGenes involved in biosynthesis of steroids24HMGCR(1)268361110001000.591.00
308HSA01031_GLYCAN_ STRUCTURES_BIOSYNTHESIS_ 2Genes involved in glycan structures - biosynthesis 260B4GALT3(1), PIGG(1), PIGO(2)1181504440013000.591.00
309IL6PATHWAYIL-6 binding to its receptor activates JAK kinases and a variety of transcription factors, with effects in neuronal differentiation, bone loss, and inflammation.21JAK1(1), JAK2(1), SOS1(3)1073155552112100.601.00
310GLUTATHIONE_METABOLISM31PGD(1)748451111000100.601.00
311FASPATHWAYBinding of the Fas ligand to the Fas receptor induces caspase activation and consequent apoptosis in the Fas-expressing cell.26CASP10(2), LMNB1(1), MAP2K4(1), PTPN13(3), SPTAN1(3)193307109102313120.601.00
312ST_ERK1_ERK2_MAPK_ PATHWAYThe Erk1 and Erk2 MAP kinase pathways are regulated by Raf, Mos, and Tpl-2.28CREB1(1), RPS6KA2(1), SOS1(3)1078845552112100.601.00
313GPCRDB_CLASS_A_RHODOPSIN_ LIKE164AVPR2(1), CXCR3(1), F2RL2(3), LTB4R(1), NPY1R(1), NTSR2(1), RGR(1), RHO(1)310776109101322300.611.00
314HSA04120_UBIQUITIN_ MEDIATED_PROTEOLYSISGenes involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis39SKP2(2), SMURF1(1), SMURF2(2)1008185550211100.611.00
315HSA04520_ADHERENS_ JUNCTIONGenes involved in adherens junction72ACTN3(2), ACVR1C(1), CDH1(1), CREBBP(2), CTNND1(3), INSR(1), MET(2), PARD3(1), PTPRF(2), PTPRJ(2), SORBS1(3), WASF1(2), WASF3(1), WASL(2), YES1(3)6255552825287856450.611.00
316HSA04140_REGULATION_ OF_AUTOPHAGYGenes involved in regulation of autophagy29IFNA16(2), ULK2(2)681254440220000.611.00
317HIVNEFPATHWAYHIV-infected CD4 helper T cells may express Fas ligand, which binds to the Fas receptors of uninfected cells and induces apoptosis.51CHUK(2), LMNB1(1), PTK2(2), RASA1(1), SPTAN1(3), TNFRSF1B(1)280016109102214030.621.00
318HSA04614_RENIN_ANGIOTENSIN_ SYSTEMGenes involved in renin-angiotensin system17ACE2(1), CTSG(1), REN(1)807953331101100.621.00
319EIF4PATHWAYThe eIF-4F complex recognizes 5' mRNA caps, recruits RNA helicases, and maintains mRNA-ribosome bridging.22EIF4G3(4), PRKCA(2)953056662321000.621.00
320HSA05050_DENTATORUBROPALLIDOLUYSIAN_ ATROPHYGenes involved in dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)15INSR(1), MAGI1(3)1009824441201100.621.00
321HSA00521_STREPTOMYCIN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in streptomycin biosynthesis10GCK(2), HK1(1)761383333020100.621.00
322STREPTOMYCIN_BIOSYNTHESIS8GCK(2), HK1(1)761383333020100.621.00
323ST_WNT_BETA_CATENIN_ PATHWAYBeta-catenin is degraded in the absence of Wnt signaling; when extracellular Wnt binds Frizzled receptors, beta-catenin accumulates in the nucleus and may promote cell survival.30ANKRD6(1), APC(4), AXIN1(1), DVL1(1), LRP1(6), SENP2(1)2616021413124435110.631.00
324CXCR4PATHWAYCXCR4 is a G-protein coupled receptor that responds to the ligand SDF-1 by activating Ras and PI3 kinase to promote lymphocyte chemotaxis.23PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), PTK2B(2)832306662231000.631.00
325SA_G1_AND_S_PHASESCdk2, 4, and 6 bind cyclin D in G1, while cdk2/cyclin E promotes the G1/S transition.15CDK4(1)170111110010000.631.00
326WNTPATHWAYThe Wnt glycoprotein binds to membrane-bound receptors such as Frizzled to activate a number of signaling pathways, including that of beta-catenin.23APC(4), AXIN1(1), CREBBP(2), DVL1(1)1411388882141110.641.00
327BENZOATE_DEGRADATION_ VIA_COA_LIGATION10EHHADH(1), GCDH(1)337012220110000.641.00
328EGFPATHWAYThe epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide stimulates the EGF receptor to promote cell proliferation via the MAP kinase and Ras pathways.25JAK1(1), MAP2K4(1), PRKCA(2), RASA1(1), SOS1(3), STAT1(2)180665109105413110.641.00
329PDGFPATHWAYPlatelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor is phosphorylated on ligand binding and promotes cell proliferation.26JAK1(1), MAP2K4(1), PRKCA(2), RASA1(1), SOS1(3), STAT1(2)180665109105413110.641.00
330REELINPATHWAYReelin is secreted by neurons and recognized by receptors including cadherin related neuronal receptors, which promote phosphorylation of Dab1.6VLDLR(1)171021110010000.641.00
331INOSITOL_PHOSPHATE_ METABOLISM22PIK3C2A(1), PIK3C2B(2), PLCB4(3), PLCD1(1)1297077671321100.641.00
332NUCLEOTIDE_GPCRS8LTB4R(1)570001110000100.641.00
333MPRPATHWAYProgesterone binding to its intracellular receptor activates the MAPK pathway and induces oocyte maturation; binding to membrane receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase.22GNAS(3)749673333102000.651.00
334HCMVPATHWAYCytomegalovirus activates MAP kinase pathways in the host cell, inducing transcription of viral genes.16CREB1(1), MAP2K6(1)853352221010100.651.00
335HSA00290_VALINE_ LEUCINE_AND_ISOLEUCINE_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis12BCAT2(2), LARS(4), LARS2(1), VARS(2)2342889992133200.651.00
336HSA04330_NOTCH_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in Notch signaling pathway42ADAM17(2), CREBBP(2), CTBP2(1), DLL3(1), DVL1(1), DVL3(3), HDAC2(1), MAML1(1), NCOR2(3), NOTCH1(2), NUMB(1), PSENEN(1), RBPJL(2)3822742119217765120.651.00
337GLUCONEOGENESIS52ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), DLAT(1), GCK(2), GPI(2), HK1(1), LDHC(1), PFKP(1), PGK1(2)3017511717178382220.651.00
338GLYCOLYSIS52ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), DLAT(1), GCK(2), GPI(2), HK1(1), LDHC(1), PFKP(1), PGK1(2)3017511717178382220.651.00
339HSA00330_ARGININE_ AND_PROLINE_METABOLISMGenes involved in arginine and proline metabolism33NOS3(1)732341110000100.651.00
340IL2RBPATHWAYThe beta subunit of the IL-2 receptor is required for IL-2 and IL-15 signal recognition and activates JAK kinase on ligand binding.34JAK1(1), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)1242965553202100.651.00
341GLUTAMATE_METABOLISM23CAD(3)753053331012000.661.00
342GLYOXYLATE_AND_DICARBOXYLATE_ METABOLISM12GRHPR(1), MTHFD1L(1)539612221200000.661.00
343APOPTOSIS_GENMAPP42MAP2K4(1), PARP1(1), TNFRSF1B(1)1192973330100110.661.00
344PELP1PATHWAYPelp1 acts downstream of activated estrogen receptor to promote cell proliferation and is overexpressed in many breast tumors.7CREBBP(2)591282222010010.671.00
345HSA00860_PORPHYRIN_ AND_CHLOROPHYLL_ METABOLISMGenes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism41BLVRB(1), CP(3), EARS2(2), UGT2B15(1)1562177770412000.681.00
346HSA04742_TASTE_TRANSDUCTIONGenes involved in taste transduction48ADCY4(1), ADCY8(7), CACNA1A(1), GNAS(3), ITPR3(4), PDE1A(1)29732517151713455120.681.00
347HSA01430_CELL_COMMUNICATIONGenes involved in cell communication129COL11A2(2), COL17A1(3), COL4A1(2), COL4A4(5), COL5A3(5), GJA10(2), GJB1(1), GJC2(1), ITGB4(1), KRT13(1), KRT14(1), KRT15(2), KRT3(1), KRT32(2), KRT6B(1), KRT72(2), KRT74(1), KRT75(1), KRT76(2), KRT82(2), KRT9(2), LAMA5(3), LAMB1(4), LAMB2(8), LAMB3(3), LAMC3(3), LMNB1(1), NES(1), TNXB(5)11925886844681718339440.681.00
348CLASSICPATHWAYThe classic complement pathway is initiated by antibodies and promotes phagocytosis and lysis of foreign cells as well as activating the inflammatory response.13C1QA(1), C2(2), C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), C9(1)2235311111115270110.681.00
349HSA00630_GLYOXYLATE_ AND_DICARBOXYLATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism13GRHPR(1), MTHFD1L(1)563472221200000.681.00
350GLYCOLYSIS_AND_GLUCONEOGENESISGenes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis42DLAT(1), GCK(2), GPI(2), HK1(1), LDHC(1), PC(1), PFKP(1), PGK1(2)2221031111116152210.681.00
351BOTULINPATHWAYBlockade of Neurotransmitter Relase by Botulinum Toxin5CHRNA1(3)1135963330200100.691.00
352NITROGEN_METABOLISM20CA9(1)415201110001000.691.00
353HSA05120_EPITHELIAL_ CELL_SIGNALING_IN_ HELICOBACTER_PYLORI_ INFECTIONGenes involved in epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection65ADAM17(2), ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1), CHUK(2), LYN(1), MAP2K4(1), MET(2)282776108102223030.691.00
354PORPHYRIN_AND_CHLOROPHYLL_ METABOLISM26BLVRB(1), CP(3), UGT2B15(1)966865550311000.701.00
355NFATPATHWAYCardiac hypertrophy is induced by NF-ATc4 and GATA4, which are stimulated through calcineurin activated by CaMK.51CAMK4(3), CREBBP(2), ELSPBP1(2), HAND1(1), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1)184090119112441110.701.00
356METHIONINE_METABOLISM12DNMT1(1), MARS(1)390832221020000.701.00
357HSA00930_CAPROLACTAM_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in caprolactam degradation13EHHADH(1), HSD17B4(2)1006403330110100.711.00
358COMPPATHWAYBoth the classic and alternative immune complement pathways promote inflammation, foreign cell lysis, and phagocytosis.16C1QA(1), C2(2), C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), C9(1)2298371111115270110.711.00
359TRYPTOPHAN_METABOLISM53ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), CYP2A13(2), CYP2C19(1), CYP2E1(1), CYP3A7(3), DDC(2), EHHADH(1), GCDH(1), WARS(1)2401451413145372020.711.00
360P53PATHWAYp53 induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis under conditions of DNA damage.15CDK4(1)212111110010000.711.00
361HSA00970_AMINOACYL_ TRNA_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis38AARS2(2), EARS2(2), GARS(1), HARS(1), LARS(4), LARS2(1), MARS(1), NARS2(1), VARS(2), WARS(1)3990791614165364300.721.00
362HSA00251_GLUTAMATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glutamate metabolism30ADC(1), CAD(3), EARS2(2), GFPT2(2)1675148882223010.721.00
363VEGFPATHWAYVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is upregulated by hypoxic conditions and promotes normal blood vessel formation and angiogenesis related to tumor growth or cardiac disease.24EIF2B4(2), NOS3(1), PRKCA(2), PTK2(2)1546367671321100.721.00
364ST_GAQ_PATHWAYG-alpha-q activates phospholipase C, resulting in calcium influx and increasing protein kinase C activity.26ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4)1296826561130110.731.00
365IL1RPATHWAYThe cytokine IL-1 stimulates its primary receptor, IL-1R1, which induces transcription of inflammation-related genes such as interferons.31CHUK(2), IRAK2(2), IRAK3(2), MAP2K6(1), TOLLIP(1)1984978880150020.731.00
366IL5PATHWAYPro-inflammatory IL-5 is secretes by activated T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells, and stimulates the proliferation and activation of eosinophils in bone marrow.10IL5RA(1)218401110010000.731.00
367SMOOTH_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION133ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), ATP2A3(1), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CNN1(1), GRK4(2), GRK6(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), NOS3(1), PLCD1(1), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), TNXB(5)8422053926391812106560.731.00
368HISTIDINE_METABOLISM24ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), HARS(1)849835552121010.741.00
369SETPATHWAYCytotoxic T cells release perforin, which to allow entry into target cells of granzyme B, which activates caspases, and granzyme A, which induces caspase-independent apoptosis.11CREBBP(2)706442221010010.741.00
370CALCINEURIN_NF_AT_ SIGNALINGMouse genes associated with signal transduction through calcium, calcineurin, and NF-AT.92CABIN1(2), CAMK2B(3), CAMK4(3), CREBBP(2), GRLF1(3), KPNA5(1), NFAT5(2), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1), PTPRC(6)4380122520253794140.751.00
371COMPLEMENT_ACTIVATION_ CLASSICAL15C1QA(1), C2(2), C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), C8B(2), C9(1)2322911313135371110.751.00
372HSA04070_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_ SIGNALING_SYSTEMGenes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system71INPP5B(2), INPP5D(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), PIK3C2A(1), PIK3C2B(2), PIK3R5(2), PLCB4(3), PLCD1(1), PLCD4(2), PLCE1(2), PRKCA(2), SYNJ2(1)4690002522256993220.761.00
373RARRXRPATHWAYRXR and RAR suppress transcription in the absence of ligand and, on binding trans- or 9-cis-retinoic acid, are ubiquitinated to allow transcription to proceed.14NCOR2(3), POLR2A(1)1109014441120100.761.00
374HSA00271_METHIONINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in methionine metabolism17DNMT1(1), MARS(1), TAT(1)559513332120000.761.00
375HSA04710_CIRCADIAN_ RHYTHMGenes involved in circadian rhythm11PER1(1)514881112001000.771.00
376ARGININE_AND_PROLINE_ METABOLISM42ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), NOS3(1)1042903332101100.771.00
377HSA00400_PHENYLALANINE_ TYROSINE_AND_TRYPTOPHAN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis9TAT(1)343881111100000.771.00
378DREAMPATHWAYThe transcription factor DREAM blocks expression of the prodynorphin gene, which encodes the ligand of an opioid receptor that blocks pain signaling.13CREB1(1), CREM(1), POLR2A(1)1149283331020100.781.00
379PEPTIDE_GPCRS66ATP8A1(1), AVPR2(1), CXCR3(1), NPY1R(1), NTSR2(1)1097755450121100.781.00
380GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN_ DEGRADATION11IDUA(1)829921110000010.781.00
381HSA00260_GLYCINE_ SERINE_AND_THREONINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism44AOC2(1), GARS(1), GCAT(2), GLDC(4), PSPH(1), SARDH(1)211763108102341020.781.00
382ATMPATHWAYThe tumor-suppressing protein kinase ATM responds to radiation-induced DNA damage by blocking cell-cycle progression and activating DNA repair.18RAD51(1)462321110001000.791.00
383HSA00980_METABOLISM_ OF_XENOBIOTICS_BY_ CYTOCHROME_P450Genes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P45070ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), CYP2C19(1), CYP2E1(1), CYP3A7(3), DHDH(1), UGT2B15(1)2684791412142561020.791.00
384UBIQUINONE_BIOSYNTHESIS15NDUFA8(1), NDUFV1(1)552412120020000.791.00
385TIDPATHWAYOn ligand binding, interferon gamma receptors stimulate JAK2 kinase to phosphorylate STAT transcription factors, which promote expression of interferon responsive genes.18JAK2(1), TNFRSF1B(1)425052220110000.791.00
386SA_BONE_MORPHOGENETICBone morphogenetic protein binds to its receptor to induce ectopic bone formation and promote development of the viscera.4BMP1(1)529021110001000.791.00
387HSA00910_NITROGEN_ METABOLISMGenes involved in nitrogen metabolism23CA9(1)530201111001000.791.00
388HSA04115_P53_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in p53 signaling pathway64BAI1(1), CDK4(1), CDK6(1), LRDD(1)1320554441120100.801.00
389ALANINE_AND_ASPARTATE_ METABOLISM21CAD(3), PC(1)1767954441013000.801.00
390C21_STEROID_HORMONE_ METABOLISM11CYP11B2(2)410642225020000.801.00
391HSA00140_C21_STEROID_ HORMONE_METABOLISMGenes involved in C21-steroid hormone metabolism11CYP11B2(2)410642225020000.801.00
392CERAMIDEPATHWAYCeramide is a lipid signaling molecule that can activate proliferative or apoptotic pathways, depending on signaling context, localization, and cell type.21MAP2K4(1)885811111000010.801.00
393HSA00720_REDUCTIVE_ CARBOXYLATE_CYCLEGenes involved in reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation)11ACLY(2), ACSS1(1)1027203322102000.811.00
394ST_DICTYOSTELIUM_ DISCOIDEUM_CAMP_ CHEMOTAXIS_PATHWAYThe fungus Dictyostelium discoideum is a model system for cytoskeletal organization during chemotaxis.31ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), RIPK3(1)1595307672230110.821.00
395HSA03022_BASAL_TRANSCRIPTION_ FACTORSGenes involved in basal transcription factors33GTF2H1(1), TAF1(3), TAF2(3), TAF7L(1)2315338782024110.821.00
396ST_JNK_MAPK_PATHWAYJNKs are MAP kinases regulated by several levels of kinases (MAPKK, MAPKKK) and phosphorylate transcription factors and regulatory proteins.37GCK(2), MAP2K4(1), MAP3K12(1), NFATC3(2), ZAK(2)2750488684032210.831.00
397HSA04320_DORSO_VENTRAL_ AXIS_FORMATIONGenes involved in dorso-ventral axis formation24NOTCH1(2), SOS1(3)1813455556203000.841.00
398HSA04610_COMPLEMENT_ AND_COAGULATION_ CASCADESGenes involved in complement and coagulation cascades67C1QA(1), C1QC(1), C2(2), C3(2), C6(2), C7(3), C8B(2), C9(1), CFB(1), CFI(3), CR1(3), F5(4), SERPIND1(1)467905262326107124120.841.00
399INTEGRINPATHWAYIntegrins are cell surface receptors commonly present at focal adhensions that interact with the extracellular matrix and transduce extracellular signaling.35ACTN3(2), BCR(1), ITGA1(1), PPP1R12B(2), PTK2(2), SOS1(3), TLN1(3)3640691411145353030.841.00
400HSA00590_ARACHIDONIC_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism51ALOX12B(1), CYP2C19(1), CYP2E1(1), PLA2G4A(3)1189886562141000.841.00
401HSA00920_SULFUR_ METABOLISMGenes involved in sulfur metabolism14PAPSS2(1), SULT1A2(1)440222220110000.841.00
402SULFUR_METABOLISM9PAPSS2(1), SULT1A2(1)440222220110000.841.00
403GSK3PATHWAYBacterial lipopolysaccharide activates AKT to promote the survival and activation of macrophages and inhibits Gsk3-beta to promote beta-catenin accumulation in the nucleus.26APC(4), AXIN1(1), DVL1(1), TOLLIP(1)1479097771231100.851.00
404AMINOSUGARS_METABOLISM15GCK(2), HK1(1), RENBP(1)1477064442021100.851.00
405PGC1APATHWAYPCG-1a is expressed in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and brown fat, and is a coactivator for receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor and thyroid hormone receptor.23CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CAMK4(3), HDAC5(1), PPP3CC(1)274413108102531010.871.00
406BLOOD_CLOTTING_CASCADE19F5(4)807574445121000.871.00
407ECMPATHWAYExtracellular matrix induces integrin-mediated FAK phosphorylation in epithelial cells, leading to PI3 and MAP kinase activation and actin reorganization.22ITGA1(1), MYLK(4), PTK2(2), TLN1(3)2469121010104251020.871.00
408MAPKPATHWAYThe mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is a common signaling mechanism and has four main sub-pathways: Erk, JNK/SAPK, p53, and ERK5.84CHUK(2), CREB1(1), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), MAP3K12(1), MAP4K3(1), MAPKAPK2(1), RPS6KA2(1), RPS6KA4(1), STAT1(2)4953401212126250140.871.00
409CALCIUM_REGULATION_ IN_CARDIAC_CELLS132ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), ATP2A3(1), ATP2B1(1), ATP2B2(4), CACNA1A(1), CACNA1D(6), CAMK2A(1), CAMK2B(3), CAMK2D(1), CAMK4(3), GJB1(1), GNA11(1), GRK4(2), GRK6(1), ITPR1(2), ITPR3(4), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), SLC8A3(4)103393852365219161611270.871.00
410HSA00562_INOSITOL_ PHOSPHATE_METABOLISMGenes involved in inositol phosphate metabolism46INPP5B(2), PLCB4(3), PLCD1(1), PLCD4(2), PLCE1(2), SYNJ2(1)2135701110112442010.881.00
411EPOPATHWAYErythropoietin, which activates the MAPK pathway, stimulates erythrocyte production and is an effective treatment for anemia.19JAK2(1), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)1241985552212000.881.00
412HSA04350_TGF_BETA_ SIGNALING_PATHWAYGenes involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway89ACVR1C(1), ACVRL1(1), CREBBP(2), ID3(1), INHBC(1), NODAL(1), PPP2R2A(2), RBL1(1), SMURF1(1), SMURF2(2)3719831313136433210.881.00
413UBIQUITIN_MEDIATED_ PROTEOLYSIS23NRF1(1), UBE2L6(1)483822220110000.881.00
414FMLPPATHWAYThe fMLP receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor in neutrophils that recognizes formylated bacterial peptides and activates NADPH oxidase.36MAP2K6(1), NFATC3(2), PPP3CC(1)1900244341111100.881.00
415HSA00010_GLYCOLYSIS_ AND_GLUCONEOGENESISGenes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis63ACSS1(1), ADH1B(4), ADH6(2), ALDH3A1(1), DLAT(1), GCK(2), GPI(2), HK1(1), LDHC(1), PFKP(1), PGK1(2)3605701818189482220.881.00
416CITRATE_CYCLE_TCA_ CYCLE19IDH3B(1), PC(1)1083032220002000.881.00
417PENTOSE_AND_GLUCURONATE_ INTERCONVERSIONS18UGT2B15(1)472491110100000.881.00
418HSA00150_ANDROGEN_ AND_ESTROGEN_METABOLISMGenes involved in androgen and estrogen metabolism54ARSD(2), CYP11B2(2), HSD17B12(1), UGT2B15(1)1729906665150000.891.00
419HSA00511_N_GLYCAN_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in N-glycan degradation15MAN2B1(2)1608212220100100.891.00
420MCALPAINPATHWAYIn integrin-mediated cell migration, calpains digest links between the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion proteins.23CXCR3(1), ITGA1(1), MYLK(4), PTK2(2), TLN1(3)2546041111114351020.891.00
421CHEMICALPATHWAYDNA damage promotes Bid cleavage, which stimulates mitochondrial cytochrome c release and consequent caspase activation, resulting in apoptosis.19PRKCA(2), PTK2(2), STAT1(2), TLN1(3)2216259892431010.891.00
422SIG_CD40PATHWAYMAPGenes related to CD40 signaling33MAP2K4(1), MAPK8IP1(1)1111082222100010.891.00
423INSULINPATHWAYInsulin regulates glucose levels via Ras-mediated transcriptional activation.21INSR(1), RASA1(1), SOS1(3)2677615554104000.891.00
424ST_P38_MAPK_PATHWAYp38 is a MAP kinase regulated by cytokines and cellular stress.35CREB1(1), MAP2K4(1), MAP2K6(1), MAPKAPK2(1)1751714440110110.891.00
425TELPATHWAYTelomerase is a ribonucleotide protein that adds telomeric repeats to the 3' ends of chromosomes.14POLR2A(1), PRKCA(2), TERT(1)1028494442220000.901.00
426CELLCYCLEPATHWAYCyclins interact with cyclin-dependent kinases to form active kinase complexes that regulate progression through the cell cycle.22CDK4(1), CDK6(1), RBL1(1)807833330210000.901.00
427HSA00410_BETA_ALANINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in beta-alanine metabolism25ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DPYS(3), EHHADH(1)1134006663231000.901.00
428NKCELLSPATHWAYNatural killer (NK) lymphocytes are inhibited by MHC and activated by surface glycoproteins on tumor or virus-infected cells, which undergo perforin-mediated lysis.20LAT(1), PTK2B(2)829343332120000.911.00
429ALKALOID_BIOSYNTHESIS_ II5AOC2(1)545071111100000.911.00
430GPCRDB_OTHER52CELSR1(2), CELSR3(6), CXCR3(1), EMR2(1), EMR3(2), GPR116(1), GPR61(1), LGR6(2), OR8G2(2)3654841815186582210.911.00
431ANDROGEN_AND_ESTROGEN_ METABOLISM30ARSD(2), CYP11B2(2), UGT2B15(1)1341035555140000.911.00
432N_GLYCAN_BIOSYNTHESIS21B4GALT3(1), FUT8(2), MAN1B1(2)1204895550121010.911.00
433DNAFRAGMENTPATHWAYDNA fragmentation during apoptosis is effected by DFF, a caspase-activated DNAse, and by endonuclease G.10TOP2A(1)679301110001000.911.00
434UCALPAINPATHWAYCalpains promote formation of integrin adhesion clusters which recruit Rac to enable the formation of mature focal adhesions that do not contain calpain.16ACTN3(2), ITGA1(1), PTK2(2), SPTAN1(3), TLN1(3)2765741110112333020.911.00
435HSA00220_UREA_CYCLE_ AND_METABOLISM_OF_ AMINO_GROUPSGenes involved in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups29ADC(1), ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1)1219853333101010.911.00
436HSA00040_PENTOSE_ AND_GLUCURONATE_ INTERCONVERSIONSGenes involved in pentose and glucuronate interconversions25UGT2B15(1)542091110100000.921.00
437HSA00532_CHONDROITIN_ SULFATE_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis17CHPF(1)967901110001000.921.00
438ATRBRCAPATHWAYBRCA1 and 2 block cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage and promote double-stranded break repair; mutations induce breast cancer susceptibility.20FANCG(2), RAD51(1)1407583331002010.931.00
439KREBS_TCA_CYCLE29DLAT(1), IDH3B(1), OGDH(1), PC(1)1282234440022000.931.00
440NUCLEAR_RECEPTORS39NR0B1(2), NR1H3(2), RORC(1), THRB(1)1728626662230100.931.00
441HSA00252_ALANINE_ AND_ASPARTATE_METABOLISMGenes involved in alanine and aspartate metabolism32AARS2(2), CAD(3), DLAT(1), NARS2(1), PC(1)2333448782133100.931.00
442IRINOTECAN_PATHWAY_ PHARMGKB17ABCC1(1), ABCC2(1)910682224020000.931.00
443CELL_CYCLE_KEGG80CDH1(1), CDK4(1), HDAC2(1), HDAC5(1), MCM2(1), ORC2L(1), ORC3L(2), PLK1(1), RBL1(1), SKP2(2), TBC1D8(2)2776551412143562100.931.00
444LYSINE_DEGRADATION31ALDH3A1(1), DOT1L(1), EHHADH(1), GCDH(1)1193454441211000.941.00
445PYRIMIDINE_METABOLISM54CAD(3), DPYS(3), NT5E(1), POLD1(2), POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1), RRM1(1)3807761211122155010.941.00
446PURINE_METABOLISM108ADA(1), ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), ENPP3(2), GUCY2C(3), IMPDH2(1), NT5E(1), PAPSS2(1), PDE1A(1), PDE4C(2), PDE6C(2), PDE7B(1), PDE8A(1), PFAS(1), POLD1(2), POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1), RRM1(1)772479352635126148250.941.00
447HSA00380_TRYPTOPHAN_ METABOLISMGenes involved in tryptophan metabolism58ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), EHHADH(1), GCDH(1), HSD17B4(2), OGDH(1), WARS(1)2123461010103332110.941.00
448HSA00340_HISTIDINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in histidine metabolism41ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DDC(2), HARS(1)1370115552121010.941.00
449G1_TO_S_CELL_CYCLE_ REACTOME64CDK4(1), CREB3L3(1), MCM2(1), ORC2L(1), ORC3L(2), POLA2(1), RBL1(1), TNXB(5)3955961310133352210.941.00
450HSA00533_KERATAN_ SULFATE_BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis16B4GALT3(1), FUT8(2)802333330111000.951.00
451HSA00564_GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism64GPAM(1), PLA2G4A(3)1437374342112000.961.00
452HSA00790_FOLATE_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in folate biosynthesis40ALPP(1), DDX4(1), DDX54(1), GGH(2), RUVBL2(1), SETX(1), SKIV2L2(2)2989309893321120.961.00
453HSA00230_PURINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in purine metabolism140ADA(1), ADCY3(1), ADCY4(1), ADCY5(4), ADCY8(7), AK7(3), ENPP3(2), GUCY2C(3), IMPDH2(1), NT5E(1), PAPSS2(1), PDE1A(1), PDE4C(2), PDE7B(1), PDE8A(1), PFAS(1), POLA2(1), POLD1(2), POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1), RRM1(1)8154393726371171410240.971.00
454ACETYLCHOLINE_SYNTHESIS800000000001.001.00
455BBCELLPATHWAYFas ligand expression by T cells induces apoptosis in Fas-expressing, inactive B cells.400000000001.001.00
456BLOOD_GROUP_GLYCOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_NEOLACTOSERIES700000000001.001.00
457CK1PATHWAYCaseine kinase 1 (CK1) and cdk5 phosphorylate DARPP32 in the dopamine signaling pathway.1500000000001.001.00
458CYANOAMINO_ACID_ METABOLISM500000000001.001.00
459EOSINOPHILSPATHWAYRecruitment of eosinophils in the inflammatory response observed in asthma occurs via the chemoattractant eotaxin binding to the CCR3 receptor.800000000001.001.00
460ERYTHPATHWAYErythropoietin selectively stimulates erythrocyte differentiation from CFU-GEMM cells in bone marrow.1500000000001.001.00
461HSA00031_INOSITOL_ METABOLISMGenes involved in inositol metabolism200000000001.001.00
462HSA00072_SYNTHESIS_ AND_DEGRADATION_ OF_KETONE_BODIESGenes involved in synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies900000000001.001.00
463HSA00300_LYSINE_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in lysine biosynthesis400000000001.001.00
464HSA00471_D_GLUTAMINE_ AND_D_GLUTAMATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism400000000001.001.00
465HSA00472_D_ARGININE_ AND_D_ORNITHINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism100000000001.001.00
466HSA00550_PEPTIDOGLYCAN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis200000000001.001.00
467HSA00627_1,4_DICHLOROBENZENE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation100000000001.001.00
468HSA00643_STYRENE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in styrene degradation300000000001.001.00
469HSA00660_C5_BRANCHED_ DIBASIC_ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism200000000001.001.00
470HSA00780_BIOTIN_ METABOLISMGenes involved in biotin metabolism400000000001.001.00
471HSA00785_LIPOIC_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in lipoic acid metabolism200000000001.001.00
472HSA00830_RETINOL_ METABOLISMGenes involved in retinol metabolism400000000001.001.00
473IL18PATHWAYPro-inflammatory IL-18 is activated in macrophages by caspase-1 cleavage and, in conjunction with IL-12, stimulates Th1 cell differentiation.600000000001.001.00
474INOSITOL_METABOLISM500000000001.001.00
475LONGEVITYPATHWAYCaloric restriction in animals often increases lifespan, which may occur via decreased IGF receptor expression and consequent expression of stress-resistance proteins.1300000000001.001.00
476LYSINE_BIOSYNTHESIS500000000001.001.00
477METHIONINEPATHWAYCatabolic Pathways for Methionine, Isoleucine, Threonine and Valine500000000001.001.00
478MTA3PATHWAYThe estrogen receptor regulates proliferation in mammary epithelia via MTA3 activation; loss of either protein is implicated in breast cancer.1000000000001.001.00
479NEUROTRANSMITTERSPATHWAYBiosynthesis of neurotransmitters600000000001.001.00
480PEPIPATHWAYProepithelin (PEPI) induces epithelial cells to secrete IL-8, which promotes elastase secretion by neutrophils.300000000001.001.00
481RANPATHWAYRanGEF (aka RCC1) and RanGFP regulate the GTP- or GDP-bound state of Ran, creating a Ran gradient across the nuclear membrane that is used in nuclear import.400000000001.001.00
482SLRPPATHWAYSmall leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) interact with and reorganize collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix.500000000001.001.00
483ST_PAC1_RECEPTOR_ PATHWAYThe signaling peptide PACAP binds to its receptor, PAC1R, which activates adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C.600000000001.001.00
484SYNTHESIS_AND_DEGRADATION_ OF_KETONE_BODIES400000000001.001.00
485VOBESITYPATHWAYThe adipose tissue of obese individuals overexpresses a key glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzyme, activating inactive circulating corticosteroids and inducing insulin resistance.700000000001.001.00
486HSA03320_PPAR_SIGNALING_ PATHWAYGenes involved in PPAR signaling pathway67ACSL3(1), ACSL5(1), CD36(1), EHHADH(1), NR1H3(2), SLC27A1(1), SLC27A4(1), SORBS1(3)2285631111112352011.001.00
487BETA_ALANINE_METABOLISM27ALDH3A1(1), AOC2(1), DPYS(3), EHHADH(1)1375206664231001.001.00
488CELL2CELLPATHWAYEpithelial cell adhesion proteins such as cadherins transduce signals into the cell via catenins, which alter cell shape and motility.13ACTN3(2), PTK2(2)942584340121001.001.00
489HSA04110_CELL_CYCLEGenes involved in cell cycle108CDK4(1), CDK6(1), CREBBP(2), HDAC2(1), MCM2(1), ORC2L(1), ORC3L(2), PLK1(1), RBL1(1), SKP2(2), SMC1A(1)3494291413141453111.001.00
490GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID_ METABOLISM49AGPS(1), PLA2G4A(3)1024614341121001.001.00
491PROSTAGLANDIN_SYNTHESIS_ REGULATION29PLA2G4A(3)838843230111001.001.00
492HSA01030_GLYCAN_ STRUCTURES_BIOSYNTHESIS_ 1Genes involved in glycan structures - biosynthesis 1108B4GALT3(1), CHPF(1), EXT2(1), EXTL1(1), FUT8(2), GALNT7(1), GALNT8(1), GALNTL2(2), GANAB(1), MAN1B1(2), NDST2(2), OGT(2)4776021714177473211.001.00
493KERATAN_SULFATE_ BIOSYNTHESIS10B4GALT3(1), FUT8(2)912113330111001.001.00
494HSA00903_LIMONENE_ AND_PINENE_DEGRADATIONGenes involved in limonene and pinene degradation26ALDH3A1(1), CYP2C19(1), EHHADH(1)924663333021001.001.00
495MRNA_PROCESSING_ REACTOME92DDIT3(1), DDX20(1), DHX8(2), POLR2A(1), PPM1G(1), PRPF3(1), RBM5(1), SF3B1(2), SFRS14(1), SRRM1(2), SUPT5H(2)4651081512154733201.001.00
496TRANSLATION_FACTORS37EIF2AK1(2), EIF2B4(2), EIF4G3(4)2510808880431001.001.00
497CARM_ERPATHWAYMethyltransferase CARM1 methylates CBP and co-activates estrogen receptors via Grip1.26CREBBP(2), HDAC2(1), HDAC5(1), NCOR2(3), NR0B1(2), POLR2A(1)3177241010105440111.001.00
498HSA00240_PYRIMIDINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in pyrimidine metabolism86CAD(3), DPYS(3), NT5E(1), POLA2(1), POLD1(2), POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1), RRM1(1)4314841311132165011.001.00
499RHOPATHWAYRhoA is a G protein whose active form stabilizes actin structures such as focal adhesions and activates Rock1, which phosphorylates myosin light chains.30ARHGEF11(2), MYLK(4), PPP1R12B(2), TLN1(3)371849119112351021.001.00
500HSA00510_N_GLYCAN_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis41B4GALT3(1), FUT8(2), GANAB(1), MAN1B1(2)2105056562131011.001.00
501RACCYCDPATHWAYRas, Rac, and Rho coordinate to induce cyclin D1 expression and activate cdk2 to promote the G1/S transition.22CDK4(1), CDK6(1)729022221110001.001.00
502GHPATHWAYGrowth hormone receptors dimerize on ligand binding and activate the JAK2 protein kinase.25INSR(1), JAK2(1), PRKCA(2), SOS1(3), STAT5B(1)2924918884413001.001.00
503PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_ SIGNALING_SYSTEM81ACVRL1(1), AURKB(1), PIK3C2A(1), PIK3C2B(2), PLCB4(3), PLCD1(1), PRKCA(2), PRKCE(1), RPS6KA2(1), RPS6KA4(1)5222141413143643101.001.00
504HSA00450_SELENOAMINO_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in selenoamino acid metabolism26MARS(1), PAPSS2(1)770822221020001.001.00
505HDACPATHWAYMyocyte enhancer factor MEF2 activates transcription of genes required for muscle cell differentiation and is inhibited by histone deacetylases.30CABIN1(2), HDAC5(1), INSR(1), MAP2K6(1), PPP3CC(1)2484506562212011.001.00
506HSA03050_PROTEASOMEGenes involved in proteasome22PSMB5(1), PSMB6(1), PSMD1(1)1253303330120001.001.00
507HSA00530_AMINOSUGARS_ METABOLISMGenes involved in aminosugars metabolism29GFPT2(2), HK1(1), RENBP(1)1690134442121001.001.00
508OVARIAN_INFERTILITY_ GENES24CDK4(1), NCOR1(1), ZP2(1)1329223233120001.001.00
509OXIDATIVE_PHOSPHORYLATION60ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1), ATP7A(2), NDUFA8(1), NDUFV1(1)2730786560240001.001.00
510ST_GA13_PATHWAYG-alpha-13 influences the actin cytoskeleton and activates protein kinase D, PI3K, and Pyk2.34ARHGEF11(2), MAP2K4(1), PTK2(2)2341375450112011.001.00
511SMALL_LIGAND_GPCRS14DNMT1(1)473231110010001.001.00
512HSA00632_BENZOATE_ DEGRADATION_VIA_ COA_LIGATIONGenes involved in benzoate degradation via CoA ligation24EHHADH(1), GCDH(1)984712222110001.001.00
513O_GLYCAN_BIOSYNTHESIS13GALNT7(1), GALNT8(1)1010482223110001.001.00
514KREBPATHWAYThe Krebs (citric acid) cycle takes place in mitochondria, where it extracts energy in the form of electron carriers NADH and FADH2, which drive the electron transport chain.8OGDH(1)513601110010001.001.00
515PROTEASOMEPATHWAYUbiquitinated proteins are targeted for proteolytic degradation by the proteasome, where they are unfolded and degraded to small peptides in an ATP-dependent process.20PSMB5(1), PSMB6(1)1027562220020001.001.00
516EPONFKBPATHWAYThe cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) prevents stress-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating anti-apoptotic pathways through JAK2 kinase and NF-kB.11JAK2(1)521661110010001.001.00
517HSA04612_ANTIGEN_ PROCESSING_AND_PRESENTATIONGenes involved in antigen processing and presentation73CREB1(1), IFNA16(2), TAP2(1)2319004441120101.001.00
518HSA00531_GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in glycosaminoglycan degradation17HGSNAT(3), IDUA(1)2329724441210011.001.00
519PROTEASOME17PSMB5(1), PSMB6(1)1173962220020001.001.00
520PARKINPATHWAYIn Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic neurons contain Lewy bodies consisting of alpha-synuclein and parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets glycosylated alpha-synuclein.10SNCAIP(1), UBE2L6(1)1206002220110001.001.00
521HSA01032_GLYCAN_ STRUCTURES_DEGRADATIONGenes involved in degradation of glycan structures29HGSNAT(3), IDUA(1), MAN2B1(2)3727936661310111.001.00
522HSA00602_GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_NEO_ LACTOSERIESGenes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - neo-lactoseries21B4GALT3(1)643251110010001.001.00
523SA_MMP_CYTOKINE_ CONNECTIONCytokines can induce activation of matrix metalloproteinases, which degrade extracellular matrix.15TNFRSF1B(1)676791112100001.001.00
524SODDPATHWAYSome members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family have cytoplasmic death domains that promote apoptosis when active and are repressed by silencers called SODDs.10TNFRSF1B(1)711351110100001.001.00
525HSA00190_OXIDATIVE_ PHOSPHORYLATIONGenes involved in oxidative phosphorylation113ATP4A(1), ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1), NDUFA8(1), NDUFV1(1)3572035352130011.001.00
526CAPROLACTAM_DEGRADATION5EHHADH(1)720831110010001.001.00
527ATP_SYNTHESIS21ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1)1470532220110001.001.00
528FLAGELLAR_ASSEMBLY21ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1)1470532220110001.001.00
529PHOTOSYNTHESIS22ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1)1470532220110001.001.00
530TYPE_III_SECRETION_ SYSTEM21ATP6V1B1(1), ATP6V1H(1)1470532220110001.001.00
531GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_ METABOLISM23ARSD(2)1480042220020001.001.00
532SARSPATHWAYThe SARS coronavirus has a 30kb RNA genome containing rep, a large gene encoding viral protease Mpro.10LDHC(1)753931112001001.001.00
533PHENYLALANINE_TYROSINE_ AND_TRYPTOPHAN_BIOSYNTHESIS9TAT(1)760181111100001.001.00
534RBPATHWAYThe ATM protein kinase recognizes DNA damage and blocks cell cycle progression by phosphorylating chk1 and p53, which normally inhibits Rb to allow G1/S transitions.11CDK4(1)790211110010001.001.00
535ST_TUMOR_NECROSIS_ FACTOR_PATHWAYTumor necrosis factor is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-kB and c-Jun.28MAP2K4(1), TNFRSF1B(1)1583392221100011.001.00
536MSPPATHWAYMacrophage stimulating protein is synthesized as pro-MSP by the liver and, on proteolysis, binds to monocyte receptor kinase RON to induce macrophage development.6MST1(1), MST1R(1)1597902223110001.001.00
537HSA00960_ALKALOID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_IIGenes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis II18AOC2(1)804341113100001.001.00
538HSA00600_SPHINGOLIPID_ METABOLISMGenes involved in sphingolipid metabolism36ARSD(2)1618422220020001.001.00
539RNA_TRANSCRIPTION_ REACTOME37GTF2H1(1), POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1)2736413330021001.001.00
540RIBOSOMAL_PROTEINS94RPL3(1), RPS6KA2(1)1895992221020001.001.00
541HSA03020_RNA_POLYMERASEGenes involved in RNA polymerase23POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1)1928152220020001.001.00
542RNA_POLYMERASE14POLR2A(1), POLR2G(1)1930442220020001.001.00
543HSA03010_RIBOSOMEGenes involved in ribosome67RPL3(1)1316421111010001.001.00
544ARAPPATHWAYADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), members of the Ras superfamily, regulate eukaryotic vesicular trafficking and activate phospholipase D's.12ARFGAP3(1)1918211110010001.001.00
545AHSPPATHWAYAlpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) prevents precitipation of hemoglobin alpha-subunits.12500370000000001.001.00
546ARFPATHWAYCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A is a tumor suppressor that induces G1 arrest and can activate the p53 pathway, leading to G2/M arrest.1669970000000001.001.00
547ARGININECPATHWAYRelated catabolic pathways process arginine, histidine, glutamine, and proline through glutamate to alpha-ketoglutamate, which feeds into the citric acid cycle.6384500000000001.001.00
548ASBCELLPATHWAYB cells require interaction with helper T cells to produce antigen-specific immunoglobulins as a key element of the human immune response.814400000000001.001.00
549BADPATHWAYWhen phosphorylated, BAD is inhibited by sequestration; when non-phosphorylated, it promotes apoptosis by inactivating pro-survival BCL-XL and BCL-2.22310760000000001.001.00
550BETAOXIDATIONPATHWAYBeta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids6115600000000001.001.00
551BLOOD_GROUP_GLYCOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_LACTOSERIES7495650000000001.001.00
552CDC25PATHWAYThe protein phosphatase Cdc25 is phosphorylated by Chk1 and activates Cdc2 to stimulate eukaryotic cells into M phase.7657300000000001.001.00
553CDK5PATHWAYCdk5, a regulatory kinase implicated in neuronal development, represses Mek1, which downregulates the MAP kinase pathway.12293210001000001.001.00
554CHONDROITIN891850000000001.001.00
555CTLA4PATHWAYT cell activation requires interaction with an antigen-MHC-I complex on an antigen-presenting cell (APC), as well as CD28 interaction with the APC's CD80 or 86.1717120000000001.001.00
556EEA1PATHWAYThe FYVE-finger proteins EEA1 and HRS are localized to endosome membranes and regulate sorting and ubiquitination in the vesicle transport system.630000000000001.001.00
557EICOSANOID_SYNTHESIS17136400001000001.001.00
558EIF2PATHWAYEukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) initiates translation by transferring Met-tRNA to the 40S ribosome in a GTP-dependent process.9330000000000001.001.00
559ERBB3PATHWAYNeuregulins bind to the receptor tyrosine kinases ErbB3 and ErbB4, surface-localized receptors whose overexpression induces tumor formation.4250800000000001.001.00
560ETCPATHWAYEnergy is extracted from carbohydrates via oxidation and transferred to the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which couples ATP synthesis to the reduction of oxygen to water.9441840000000001.001.00
561FBW7PATHWAYCyclin E interacts with cell cycle checkpoint kinase cdk2 to allow transcription of genes required for S phase, including transcription of additional cyclin E.851600000000001.001.00
562FIBRINOLYSISPATHWAYThrombin cleavage of fibrinogen results in rapid formation of fibrin threads that form a mesh to capture platelets and other blood cells into a clot.11269810000000001.001.00
563FREEPATHWAYNeutrophils release superoxide to induce lysis in invading bacteria; in neighboring endothelial cells, superoxide dismutase scavenges radicals but produces pro-apoptotic peroxides.10442010000000001.001.00
564G2PATHWAYActivated Cdc2-cyclin B kinase regulates the G2/M transition; DNA damage stimulates the DNA-PK/ATM/ATR kinases, which inactivate Cdc2.201043350000000001.001.00
565GANGLIOSIDE_BIOSYNTHESIS893140000000001.001.00
566GATA3PATHWAYGATA-3 is a transcription factor that promotes differentiation of helper T cells into Th2 cells, which secrete cytokines IL4, IL5, and IL13.1614400000000001.001.00
567GLOBOSIDE_METABOLISM13303140000000001.001.00
568GPCRDB_CLASS_A_RHODOPSIN_ LIKE213909970001000001.001.00
569HEME_BIOSYNTHESIS9410610000000001.001.00
570HEPARAN_SULFATE_ BIOSYNTHESIS891850000000001.001.00
571HSA00363_BISPHENOL_ A_DEGRADATIONGenes involved in bisphenol A degradation14382080000000001.001.00
572HSA00430_TAURINE_ AND_HYPOTAURINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism6118800000000001.001.00
573HSA00440_AMINOPHOSPHONATE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in aminophosphonate metabolism16273670000000001.001.00
574HSA00460_CYANOAMINO_ ACID_METABOLISMGenes involved in cyanoamino acid metabolism6115000001000001.001.00
575HSA00480_GLUTATHIONE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in glutathione metabolism37996830000000001.001.00
576HSA00520_NUCLEOTIDE_ SUGARS_METABOLISMGenes involved in nucleotide sugars metabolism621600000000001.001.00
577HSA00601_GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_LACTOSERIESGenes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lactoseries10331940000000001.001.00
578HSA00603_GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_GLOBOSERIESGenes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries14210000000000001.001.00
579HSA00604_GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_ BIOSYNTHESIS_GANGLIOSERIESGenes involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries16210000000000001.001.00
580HSA00625_TETRACHLOROETHENE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in tetrachloroethene degradation7190600000000001.001.00
581HSA00626_NAPHTHALENE_ AND_ANTHRACENE_DEGRADATIONGenes involved in naphthalene and anthracene degradation18439880000000001.001.00
582HSA00642_ETHYLBENZENE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in ethylbenzene degradation12420680002000001.001.00
583HSA00730_THIAMINE_ METABOLISMGenes involved in thiamine metabolism8103200000000001.001.00
584HSA00750_VITAMIN_ B6_METABOLISMGenes involved in vitamin B6 metabolism5138000000000001.001.00
585HSA00791_ATRAZINE_ DEGRADATIONGenes involved in atrazine degradation9675840001000001.001.00
586HSA00900_TERPENOID_ BIOSYNTHESISGenes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis6219600000000001.001.00
587HSA04130_SNARE_INTERACTIONS_ IN_VESICULAR_TRANSPORTGenes involved in SNARE interactions in vesicular transport35515980000000001.001.00
588HYPERTROPHY_MODEL17119720000000001.001.00
589IGF1MTORPATHWAYGrowth factor IGF-1 activates AKT, Gsk3-beta, and mTOR to promote muscle hypertrophy.19218560000000001.001.00
590IL17PATHWAYActivated T cells secrete IL-17, which stimulates fibroblasts and other cells to secrete inflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines.1317120000000001.001.00
591INFLAMPATHWAYInterleukins and TNF serve as signals to coordinate the inflammatory response, in which macrophages recruit and activate neutrophils, fibroblasts, and T cells.2914400000000001.001.00
592MITOCHONDRIAPATHWAYPro-apoptotic signaling induces mitochondria to release cytochrome c, which stimulates Apaf-1 to activate caspase 9.19347610000000001.001.00
593MITRPATHWAYThe MyoD/MEF2 transcription factors induce muscle cell differentiation and are repressed by the transcriptional repressor MITR.9639510000000001.001.00
594MONOAMINE_GPCRS321053880000000001.001.00
595NUCLEOTIDE_SUGARS_ METABOLISM521600000000001.001.00
596N_GLYCAN_DEGRADATION131172240000000001.001.00
597P35ALZHEIMERSPATHWAYp35, a neuron-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5, is cleaved to p25 in Alzheimer's disease and promotoes hyperphosphorylated tau formation and apoptosis.1188790000000001.001.00
598PLK3PATHWAYActive Plk3 phosphorylates CDC25c, blocking the G2/M transition, and phosphorylates p53 to induce apoptosis.6122410000000001.001.00
599PTC1PATHWAYThe binding of extracellular signaling protein Sonic hedgehog to the Patched receptor (Ptc1) allows progression through G1 and may inhibit the G2/M transition.9349020000000001.001.00
600RABPATHWAYRab family GTPases regulate vesicle transport, endocytosis and exocytosis, and vesicle docking via interactions with the rabphilins.9582340000000001.001.00
601RANKLPATHWAYRANK is a TNF-type receptor that promotes osteoclast differentiation and consequent bone resorbtion on binding RANK ligand produced by osteoblasts.12471830000000001.001.00
602RECKPATHWAYRECK is a membrane-anchored inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, which are expressed by tumor cells and promote metastasis.943620000000001.001.00
603REDUCTIVE_CARBOXYLATE_ CYCLE_CO2_FIXATION9308400000000001.001.00
604SA_FAS_SIGNALINGThe TNF-type receptor Fas induces apoptosis on ligand binding.6103200001000001.001.00
605SA_G2_AND_M_PHASESCdc25 activates the cdc2/cyclin B complex to induce the G2/M transition.7205730000000001.001.00
606SA_PROGRAMMED_CELL_ DEATHProgrammed cell death, or apoptosis, eliminates damaged or unneeded cells.1274010000000001.001.00
607STEMPATHWAYIn the absence of infection, bone marrow stromal cells release hematopoietic cytokines; activated macrophages and Th cells induce hematopoiesis during infection.1514400000000001.001.00
608TCAPOPTOSISPATHWAYHIV infection upregulates Fas ligand in macrophages and CD4 in helper T cells, leading to widespread Fas-induced T cell apoptosis.617120000000001.001.00
609TCRMOLECULET Cell Receptor and CD3 Complex317120000000001.001.00
610TERCPATHWAYhTERC, the RNA subunit of telomerase, and hTERT, the catalytic protein subunit, are required for telomerase activity and are overexpressed in many cancers.6277230000000001.001.00
611TERPENOID_BIOSYNTHESIS4128400000000001.001.00
612TERTPATHWAYhTERC, the RNA subunit of telomerase, and hTERT, the catalytic protein subunit, are required for telomerase activity and are overexpressed in many cancers.7247300000000001.001.00
613TOB1PATHWAYTGF-beta signaling activates SMADs, which interact with intracellular Tob to maintain unstimulated T cells by repressing IL-2 expression.1631520000000001.001.00
614TUBBYPATHWAYTubby is activated by phospholipase C activity and hydrolysis of PIP2, after which it enters the nucleus and regulates transcription.61015550000000001.001.00
615UREACYCLEPATHWAYAmmonia released from amino acid deamination is used to produce carbamoyl phosphate, which is used to convert ornithine to citrulline, from which urea is eventually formed.550900000000001.001.00
616UREA_CYCLE_AND_METABOLISM_ OF_AMINO_GROUPS19347340000000001.001.00

Notes: (Please see notes under significantly mutated gene table)