Correlation between gene methylation status and clinical features
Adrenocortical Carcinoma (Primary solid tumor)
02 April 2015 | analyses__2015_04_02
Maintainer Information
Citation Information
doi:10.7908/C1GB230V
Maintained by Juok Cho (Broad Institute)
Cite as Broad Institute TCGA Genome Data Analysis Center (2015): Correlation between gene methylation status and clinical features. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. doi:10.7908/C1GB230V
Overview
Introduction

This pipeline uses various statistical tests to identify genes whose promoter methylation levels correlated to selected clinical features.

Summary

Testing the association between 19519 genes and 7 clinical features across 80 samples, statistically thresholded by P value < 0.05 and Q value < 0.3, 4 clinical features related to at least one genes.

- 3 genes correlated to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'.

- RRM2B , FAM161A , EPS8L1

- 30 genes correlated to 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'.

- SOX9 , MALL , EN1 , C1ORF162 , NAT14 , ...

- 30 genes correlated to 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE'.

- SOX9 , NAT14 , SSC5D , ACER3 , APOBEC3G , ...

- 30 genes correlated to 'GENDER'.

- ALG11__2 , UTP14C , KIF4B , B3GNT1__1 , CYFIP2 , ...

- No genes correlated to 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP', 'PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE', and 'ETHNICITY'.

Results
Overview of the results

Complete statistical result table is provided in Supplement Table 1

Table 1. Get Full Table This table shows the clinical features, statistical methods used, and the number of genes that are significantly associated with each clinical feature at P value < 0.05 and Q value < 0.3.

Clinical feature | Statistical test | Significant genes | Associated with |  | Associated with |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP | Cox regression test | N=0 |  |  |  |
YEARS_TO_BIRTH | Spearman correlation test | N=3 | older | N=1 | younger | N=2
NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE | Kruskal-Wallis test | N=30 |  |  |  |
PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE | Spearman correlation test | N=30 | higher stage | N=17 | lower stage | N=13
PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE | Wilcoxon test | N=0 |  |  |  |
GENDER | Wilcoxon test | N=30 | male | N=30 | female | N=0
ETHNICITY | Wilcoxon test | N=0 |  |  |  |

Clinical variable #1: 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'

No gene related to 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'.

Table S1. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP'

DAYS_TO_DEATH_OR_LAST_FUP | Duration (Months) | 4.1-153.6 (median=36.3)
| censored | N = 52
| death | N = 27
| Significant markers | N = 0

Clinical variable #2: 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

3 genes related to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'.

Table S2. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

YEARS_TO_BIRTH | Mean (SD) | 46.4 (16)
| Significant markers | N = 3
| pos. correlated | 1
| neg. correlated | 2

List of 3 genes differentially expressed by 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH'

Table S3. Get Full Table List of 3 genes significantly correlated to 'YEARS_TO_BIRTH' by Spearman correlation test

| SpearmanCorr | corrP | Q
--- | --- | --- | ---
RRM2B | -0.4708 | 1.047e-05 | 0.204
FAM161A | -0.4526 | 2.499e-05 | 0.207
EPS8L1 | 0.4473 | 3.186e-05 | 0.207

Clinical variable #3: 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'

30 genes related to 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'.

Table S4. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'

NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE | Labels | N
| STAGE I | 9
| STAGE II | 37
| STAGE III | 16
| STAGE IV | 16
| Significant markers | N = 30

List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'

Table S5. Get Full Table List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'NEOPLASM_DISEASESTAGE'

| kruskal_wallis_P | Q
--- | --- | ---
SOX9 | 5.556e-06 | 0.108
MALL | 0.0001091 | 0.251
EN1 | 0.0001204 | 0.251
C1ORF162 | 0.0001374 | 0.251
NAT14 | 0.0001421 | 0.251
SSC5D | 0.0001421 | 0.251
ACER3 | 0.0001458 | 0.251
NAALADL1 | 0.0001526 | 0.251
SOX18 | 0.0001527 | 0.251
REXO1 | 0.0001756 | 0.251

Clinical variable #4: 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE'

30 genes related to 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE'.

Table S6. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE'

PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE | Mean (SD) | 2.46 (0.98)
|  | N
| T1 | 9
| T2 | 42
| T3 | 9
| T4 | 18
| Significant markers | N = 30
| pos. correlated | 17
| neg. correlated | 13

List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE'

Table S7. Get Full Table List of top 10 genes significantly correlated to 'PATHOLOGY_T_STAGE' by Spearman correlation test

| SpearmanCorr | corrP | Q
--- | --- | --- | ---
SOX9 | 0.472 | 1.288e-05 | 0.176
NAT14 | -0.453 | 3.114e-05 | 0.176
SSC5D | -0.453 | 3.114e-05 | 0.176
ACER3 | 0.4468 | 4.114e-05 | 0.176
APOBEC3G | 0.439 | 5.803e-05 | 0.176
DLL4 | 0.4278 | 9.356e-05 | 0.176
C9ORF86__2 | -0.4255 | 0.000103 | 0.176
LOC100131193__2 | -0.4255 | 0.000103 | 0.176
PSAP | 0.4239 | 0.0001099 | 0.176
GEMIN7 | -0.4224 | 0.0001172 | 0.176

Clinical variable #5: 'PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE'

No gene related to 'PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE'.

Table S8. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE'

PATHOLOGY_N_STAGE | Labels | N
| N0 | 68
| N1 | 10
| Significant markers | N = 0

Clinical variable #6: 'GENDER'

30 genes related to 'GENDER'.

Table S9. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'GENDER'

GENDER | Labels | N
| FEMALE | 49
| MALE | 31
| Significant markers | N = 30
| Higher in MALE | 30
| Higher in FEMALE | 0

List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'GENDER'

Table S10. Get Full Table List of top 10 genes differentially expressed by 'GENDER'. 0 significant gene(s) located in sex chromosomes is(are) filtered out.

| W(pos if higher in 'MALE') | wilcoxontestP | Q | AUC
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ALG11__2 | 1420 | 7.126e-11 | 6.95e-07 | 0.9348
UTP14C | 1420 | 7.126e-11 | 6.95e-07 | 0.9348
KIF4B | 242 | 3.295e-07 | 0.00214 | 0.8407
B3GNT1__1 | 1199 | 1.455e-05 | 0.071 | 0.7893
CYFIP2 | 1191 | 2.077e-05 | 0.0754 | 0.7841
DPYSL2 | 1185 | 2.703e-05 | 0.0754 | 0.7801
RAB12 | 334 | 2.703e-05 | 0.0754 | 0.7801
PLIN2 | 1181 | 3.215e-05 | 0.0784 | 0.7775
LAMC3 | 1173 | 4.529e-05 | 0.0982 | 0.7722
SLC25A39 | 1170 | 5.143e-05 | 0.0993 | 0.7702

Clinical variable #7: 'ETHNICITY'

No gene related to 'ETHNICITY'.

Table S11. Basic characteristics of clinical feature: 'ETHNICITY'

ETHNICITY | Labels | N
| HISPANIC OR LATINO | 8
| NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO | 30
| Significant markers | N = 0

Methods & Data
Input

- Expresson data file = ACC-TP.meth.by_min_clin_corr.data.txt

- Clinical data file = ACC-TP.merged_data.txt

- Number of patients = 80

- Number of genes = 19519

- Number of clinical features = 7

Selected clinical features

- For clinical features selected for this analysis and their value conozzle.versions, please find a documentation on selected CDEs .

- Survival time data

- Survival time data is a combined value of days_to_death and days_to_last_followup. For each patient, it creates a combined value 'days_to_death_or_last_fup' using conversion process below.

- if 'vital_status'==1(dead), 'days_to_last_followup' is always NA. Thus, uses 'days_to_death' value for 'days_to_death_or_fup'

- if 'vital_status'==0(alive),

- if 'days_to_death'==NA & 'days_to_last_followup'!=NA, uses 'days_to_last_followup' value for 'days_to_death_or_fup'

- if 'days_to_death'!=NA, excludes this case in survival analysis and report the case.

- if 'vital_status'==NA,excludes this case in survival analysis and report the case.

- cf. In certain diesase types such as SKCM, days_to_death parameter is replaced with time_from_specimen_dx or time_from_specimen_procurement_to_death .

- This analysis excluded clinical variables that has only NA values.

Survival analysis

For survival clinical features, Wald's test in univariate Cox regression analysis with proportional hazards model (Andersen and Gill 1982) was used to estimate the P values using the 'coxph' function in R. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plot using the four quartile subgroups of patients based on expression levels

Correlation analysis

For continuous numerical clinical features, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (Spearman 1904) and two-tailed P values were estimated using 'cor.test' function in R

Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann-Whitney U test)

For two groups (mutant or wild-type) of continuous type of clinical data, wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann and Whitney, 1947) was applied to compare their mean difference using 'wilcox.test(continuous.clinical ~ as.factor(group), exact=FALSE)' function in R. This test is equivalent to the Mann-Whitney test.

Q value calculation

For multiple hypothesis correction, Q value is the False Discovery Rate (FDR) analogue of the P value (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995), defined as the minimum FDR at which the test may be called significant. We used the 'Benjamini and Hochberg' method of 'p.adjust' function in R to convert P values into Q values.

Download Results

In addition to the links below, the full results of the analysis summarized in this report can also be downloaded programmatically using firehose_get, or interactively from either the Broad GDAC website or TCGA Data Coordination Center Portal.

- Analysis Results (MD5 checksum)

- Auxiliary Data (MD5 checksum)

- MAGE-TAB File (MD5 checksum)

References
[1] Andersen and Gill, Cox's regression model for counting processes, a large sample study, Annals of Statistics 10(4):1100-1120 (1982)
[2] Spearman, C, The proof and measurement of association between two things, Amer. J. Psychol 15:72-101 (1904)
[3] Mann and Whitney, On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 18 (1), 50-60 (1947)
[4] Benjamini and Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 59:289-300 (1995)
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